Immunology

Question 1

Causes exophthalmos

Answer 1

retro-orbital accumulation of fibroblasts, adipocytes & muscle cells that exhibit the TSH receptor antigen to which the TS immunoglobulin binds & alters function

Question 2

presents with diffuse goiter & ocular disturbances
Symptoms: increased metabolic rate, weight loss, nervousness, weakness, sweating, heat intolerance, loose stools, nontender enlargement of the thyroid, tachycardia, warm & moist skin, tremor, pretibial edema

Answer 2

Graves disease

Question 3

associated with antibodies to TSH receptor

Answer 3

Graves disease

Question 4

associated with antibodies to thyroglobulin

Answer 4

Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Question 5

antibodies to microsomes of the adrenal cells, especially in the adrenal cortex (zona glomerulosa, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis)

Answer 5

Addison’s disease

Question 6

Is the ovary a site of immune privilege?

Answer 6

no, the testis is though

Question 7

macrophage-like cell of fetal origin

Answer 7

Hofbauer cell

Question 8

inhibits NK cells with B cell activation in its presence, survival factor of the trophoblast in early pregnancy

Answer 8

HLA-G

Question 9

embryonic or fetal death in conjunction with history of arterial or venous thrombosis, thrombocytopenia, & abnormal lab studies
Tx: low dose aspirin, subcutaneous heparin

Answer 9

Antiphospholipid Syndrome

Question 10

cause of preterm labor with elaboration of cytokines, production of prostaglandin E2

Answer 10

ascending intrauterine infection from vaginal microbial flora

Question 11

poor trophoblast invasion (early in 2nd trimester), foamy macrophages & inflammatory cell infiltrates;
increased IL-12 (generating TH1 response)

Answer 11

preeclampsia

Question 12

significant cause of infertility by blocking binding of sperm to ZP

Answer 12

antisperm antibodies (ASA)

Question 13

vaccine that transiently neutralizes antibodies to sperm & frees them to fertilize the egg

Answer 13

YLP12 human sperm peptide

Question 14

required for adhesion of implantation of blastocyst in endometrium

Answer 14

leukemic inhibitory factor (LIF)