Micro 12 🐛🐛 Flashcards
Taenia solium
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Intestinal tapeworm
Transmission,,Ingestion of larvae encysted in undercooked pork
Tx,,Praziquantel
Diphyllobothrium latum
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Vitamin B 12 deficiency (tapeworm competes for B12 in intestine) megaloblastic anemia
Transmission,,Ingestion of larvae in raw freshwater fish
Tx,,Praziquantel
Echinococcus granulosus
Cestodes (tapeworms)
Hydatid cysts D (“eggshell calcification”) in liver E ; cyst rupture can cause anaphylaxis
Transmission,,Ingestion of eggs in food contaminated with dog feces Sheep are an intermediate host
Tx,,Albendazole
Schistosoma
Trematodes (flukes)
Liver and spleen enlargement (S mansoni, egg with lateral spine A ), fibrosis, inflammation, portal hypertension Chronic infection with S haematobium (egg with terminal spine B ) can lead to squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder (painless hematuria) and pulmonary hypertension
Transmission,,Snails are intermediate host; cercariae penetrate skin of humans in contact with contaminated fresh water (eg, swimming or bathing)
Tx,,Praziquantel
Clonorchis sinensis
Trematodes (flukes)
Biliary tract inflammation ➡️➡️pigmented gallstones Associated with cholangiocarcinoma
Transmission,,Undercooked fish
Tx,,Praziquantel
Sarcoptes scabiei
Ectoparasites
Mite burrow into stratum corneum and cause scabies—pruritus (worse at night) and serpiginous burrows (lines) in webspace of hands and feet
Common in children, crowded populations (jails, nursing homes); transmission through skin-to-skin contact (most common) or via fomites.
Treatment: permethrin cream, washing/drying all clothing/bedding, treat close contacts.
Pediculus humanus/ Phthirus pubis
Ectoparasites
Blood-sucking lice that cause intense pruritus with associated excoriations, commonly on scalp and neck (head lice) or waistband and axilla (body lice).
Can transmit Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus), Borrelia recurrentis (relapsing fever), Bartonella quintana (trench fever).
Treatment includes pyrethroids, malathion, or ivermectin lotion, and nit B combing. Children with head lice can be treated at home without interrupting school attendance.
Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma
Brain cysts, seizures
Hematuria, squamous cell bladder cancer
Liver (hydatid) cysts
Biliary tract disease, cholangiocarcinoma 🌝 Clonorchis sinensis
Brain cysts, seizures🌚 Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis)
Hematuria, squamous cell bladder cancer🌝 Schistosoma haematobium
Liver (hydatid) cysts🌚 Echinococcus granulosus
Microcytic anemia🌝
Myalgias, periorbital edema🌚
Perianal pruritus🌝
Portal hypertension🌚
Vitamin B 12 deficiency🌝
Microcytic anemia🌝 Ancylostoma, Necator
Myalgias, periorbital edema🌚 Trichinella spiralis
Perianal pruritus🌝 Enterobius
Portal hypertension🌚 Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum
Vitamin B 12 deficiency🌝 Diphyllobothrium latum
