Micro 11 🐛

Question 1

Nematode routes of infection

Round worm 🐛

Answer 1

😉Ingested—Enterobius, Ascaris, Toxocara, Trichinella, Trichuris
😉Cutaneous—Strongyloides, Ancylostoma, Necator
😉Bites—Loa loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Wuchereria bancrofti

You’ll get sick if you EATTT these!

These get into your feet from the SANd.

Lay LOW to avoid getting bitten.

Question 2

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)
Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 2

🌚Causes anal pruritus (diagnosed by seeing egg A via the tape test)

Transmission,,Fecal-oral

Tx,,Pyrantel pamoate or bendazoles (because worms are bendy)

Question 3

Ascaris lumbricoides (giant roundworm)
Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 3

🤢May cause obstruction at ileocecal valve, biliary obstruction, intestinal perforation,
🤢migrates from nose/mouth

Transmission,,Fecal-oral; knobby-coated, oval eggs seen in feces under microscope B

Tx,,Bendazoles

Question 4

Strongyloides stercoralis (threadworm)
Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 4

Autoinfection: rarely, some larvae may penetrate the intestinal wall to enter the bloodstream without leaving the body

Transmission,,Larvae in soil penetrate skin; rhabditiform larvae seen in feces under microscope

Tx,,Ivermectin or bendazoles

Question 5

Ancylostoma

duodenale, Necator americanus (hookworms)
Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 5

😑Cause anemia by sucking blood from intestinal wall
😑Cutaneous larva migrans—pruritic, serpiginous rash from walking barefoot on contaminated beach

Transmission,,Larvae penetrate skin

Tx,,Bendazoles or pyrantel pamoate

Question 6

Trichinella spiralis

Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 6

Larvae enter bloodstream, encyst in striated muscle Ž ➡️muscle inflammation
😶Trichinosis—fever, vomiting, nausea, periorbital edema, myalgia

Transmission,,Undercooked meat (especially pork); fecal-oral (less likely)

Tx,,Bendazoles

Question 7

Trichuris trichiura (whipworm)

Answer 7

Often asymptomatic; loose stools,anemia, rectal prolapse in children (heavy infection)

Transmission,,Fecal-oral

Tx,,Bendazoles

Question 8

Toxocara canis

Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 8

☺️Visceral larva migrans—nematodes migrate to blood through intestinal wall Ž ➡️inflammation and damage.
😅Often affects heart (myocarditis), liver, eyes (visual impairment, blindness), and CNS (seizures, coma)

Transmission,,Fecal-oral

Tx,,Bendazoles

Question 9

Onchocerca volvulus

Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 9

Skin changes, loss of elastic fibers, and river blindness (black flies, black skin nodules, “black sight”); allergic reaction to microfilaria possible

Transmission,,Female blackfly

Tx,,Ivermectin (ivermectin for river blindness)

Question 10

Loa loa

Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 10

Swelling in skin, worm in conjunctiva

Transmission,,Deer fly, horse fly, mango fly

Tx,,Diethylcarbamazine

Question 11

Wucher/eria ban/crofti

Nematodes (roundworms)

Answer 11

Lymphatic filariasis (elephantiasis)worms invade lymph nodes Ž ➡️inflammation Ž ➡️lymphedema 
symptom onset after 9 mo–1 yr

transmission,,Female mosquito

Tx,,Diethylcarbamazine