Micriobiology

Question 1

What is paramyxovidrae

Answer 1

Viruses with single stranded RNA genome
Antisense strand orientation

Question 2

Measles viruses are causes by

Answer 2

A maculopapular rash= rubeola

Question 3

Structure of the measles virus

Answer 3

Large virüse
Negative sense single stranded RNA GENOME
peomorphic envelope
Proteins NP- P- L -M
Envelope contains 2 glycoproteins- F an attachment p

Question 4

Mumps and measles binding

Answer 4

HN of mumps virus binds sialic acid and has hemaglutitinin and neuramindase activaty
H of measles virus binds to protein receptors and is Also hema glutinin

Question 5

Disease mechanism of measles virus

Answer 5

Infect the epithelial cells of respiratory tract
Spread via viremia
Replicated in eyes RT UT LS BV CNS
RASH HAS LIFELONG IMMUNUTY
CELL MEDIATED IMMNUnity is essential to control infection

Question 6

Complications of measles

Answer 6

Posinfectious encephalitis
Measles encephalitis
Subacute sclerosing pan encephalitis SSPE

Question 7

Symptoms of measles

Answer 7

Conjunctivitis Cory a cough
Photophobia
Koplik spots
Exanthem
High fever
Barking cough
Rash

Question 8

What is mumps virus

Answer 8

Acute benign viral parotitis closely related to parainfluenza virus 2

Question 9

Disease mechanism of mumps

Answer 9

Virus infest the epithelial cells of respiratory tract
Spread by viremia
Infection paramos gland
Spread to testes ovary thyroid and CNS- 50% meningitis’s

Question 10

What is the vaccine for mumps and measles

Answer 10

MMR
1st dose in 12-15. Months
2nd şose - 4-6 years

Question 11

What is a rubella virus

Answer 11

Little red German measles
Positive single stranded RNA virüse
Only member of rubivirus group
Has severe congenital defects

Question 12

Congenital clinical syndromes of rubella

Answer 12

Most severe outcome
Fetus major risk
Most common manifestation cataracts growth retardation cardiac abnormalities mental retardation deafness

Question 13

Difference between rubeola and rubella

Answer 13

RUBEOLA
- CCC
- HIGH FEVER
-KOPLIK SPOTS ON BUCAK,A MUCOSA
—RASH appears at the hairline
RUBELLA
- HEADACHE
LOW GRADE FEVER
SORE THROAT
CORYZA
FORCHHEIMER SPOTS IN SOFT PALATE
LYMPHOADENOPATHY
RASH BEGINS ON THE FACE

Question 14

The Smallest of the DNA viruses are

Answer 14

PARVOVIRIDAE
Liner single stranded DNA genome
Noneenveloped

Question 15

Which parvocirises cause human disease

Answer 15

B19 and bocavirus

Question 16

Replication of B19

Answer 16

Erythroid lineage

Question 17

Pathogenisis of parvovirus

Answer 17

Spreads by RES and oral secretions
Infect mitotically active precursor cells in bone marrow
Results in erthematius maculopaular rah arthralgia and arthritis
Cause aplastic crises in person with chronic anemia

Question 18

Clinical syndromes

Answer 18

Mild flulike illness
In children- slapped cheek erythema infectiosum
Adults-polyarthritis
Chronic anemia- aplastic crisis
Pregnant women-hydros fetalis
Note there ks not evidence that B19 causes congenital abnormalities

Question 19

What are the three types of fungal infections of the skin

Answer 19

1- superficial mycosis( yeast or mold
2- cutaneous mycosis
3- subcutaneous mycosis

Question 20

Superficial mycosis

Answer 20

Fungal infection of the stratum corneum layer
No pathological changes
Do not elicit immune system

Question 21

Infection of superficial mycosis

Answer 21

1- pityriasis= malassezia furfur
2- tinea nigra= hortaea werneckkii
3- back Piedra = piedraia hortae
4- white piedra= trichosporon beigelii

Question 22

Pityriasis tinea

Answer 22

Common superficial fungal infection
Malassezia furfur causes lipophilic yeast
Small hypo or hyper pigmented macules
In the upper trunk arms shoulder face and neck
Malassezia furfur produces clusters and clumps of short hyphae often called as spaghetti and meatballs

Question 23

Tinea Nigra

Answer 23

A fungal infection with dark pigmented macules with irregular,edges
Black fungus- hortea werneckki
May resemble a malignant melanoma

Question 24

White piedra

Answer 24

Infection of hair causes by yeastlike fungi of the genus trichisporon
In microscopic examination reveals hyphal elements, arthroconidia and budding yeast cells

Question 25

Black piedra

Answer 25

Pigmented brown to backs mold on the scalp
Piedraia hortae
The hyphae mass is held together by a cement like substance and contains asci and ascospores sexual phase of the fungus

Question 26

What are the cutaneous mycosis( evoke the cellular immune response) infections

Answer 26

1- tinea corporis
2- T. PEDIS
3- T. Capitis
4- T. CRURIS
5- T. Barbae

Question 27

Types of dermatophytosis

Answer 27

Trichophyton
Epidermophyton
Microsporum

Question 28

Trichophyton

Answer 28

19 species
Infect skin hair nails
Smooth thin wall and PENCIL SHAped
Most common cause of tinea- Trichophyton rubrum

Question 29

Microsporum

Answer 29

13 species
Infect skin and hair
Identifies easily on scalp
Loose cottony mycelia thick walled SPINDLE LIKED SHAPED
Microsporum canis- most common dermatophyte species infecting humans

Question 30

Epidermophyton floccosum

Answer 30

Firm yellow colored cottony cultures
CLUB SHAPED MULTIPLE SMOOTH MACROCONIDIA

Question 31

Subcutaneous mycoses

Answer 31

Wound mycoses
Invade deeper tissues

Question 32

What are the wound mycoses

Answer 32

1- chromoblastomycosis
2- ohaehyphyomycosis
3- mycetoma
4- sporotrichosis

Question 33

Chromoblastomycosis

Answer 33

Chronic fungal infection
Slow growing verrucois nodule painless
Small itchy but lisnkess scaly lesions
Macroscopic examination- golden brown bodies

Question 34

Phaehyphomycosis

Answer 34

Heterogenous array of fungal infections
Pigmented fungi present in the tissue as irregular hyphae
Inflammatory cyst
Paransal sinus PH and cerebral, P in the brain

Question 35

Mycetoma

Answer 35

Small hard subsurface nodules
Local swelling and ulcerated with oily fluid
In former men
Granules

Question 36

Sporotrichosis

Answer 36

Rose gardeners disease
Sporothrix xhenckii
Dimorphism fungus
Pus tissue stained using sliver