MI Unit 1 Vocab

Question 1

Antibody

Answer 1

An antigen-binding immunoglobulin, produced by B cells, that functions as the effector in an immune response

Question 2

Antigen

Answer 2

A foreign macromolecule that does not belong to the host organism and elicits an immune response

Question 3

Bioinformatics

Answer 3

The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in molecular genetics and genomics

Question 4

Concentration

Answer 4

The amount of a specified substance in a unit amount of another substance

Question 5

ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay)

Answer 5

A quantitative in vitro test for an antibody or antigen in which the test material is absorbed on a surface and exposed either to a complex of an enzyme linked to an antibody specific for the antigen or an enzyme linked to an anti-immunoglobulin specific for the antibody followed by reaction of the enzyme with a substrate to yield a colored product corresponding to the concentration of the test material

Question 6

Enzyme

Answer 6

A protein serving as a catalyst; a chemical agent that changes the rate of reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Question 7

Genome

Answer 7

The complement of an organism’s genes; an organism’s genetic material

Question 8

Medical Intervention

Answer 8

Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter the course of disease

Question 9

Outbreak

Answer 9

A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease

Question 10

Pathogen

Answer 10

A specific causative agent of disease

Question 11

Primer

Answer 11

A molecule (a short strand of RNA or DNA) whose presence is required for formation of another molecule (a longer chain of DNA)

Question 12

Serial dilution

Answer 12

A stepwise dilution of a substance in solution

Question 13

Solute

Answer 13

A substance dissolved in another substance

Question 14

Solution

Answer 14

A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances, which may be solids, liquids, gases, or a combination of these

Question 15

Solvent

Answer 15

A substance, usually a liquid, capable of dissolving another substance

Question 16

Substrate

Answer 16

The reactant on which an enzyme works

Question 17

Antibiotic

Answer 17

A substance produced by or derived from a microorganism and able in dilute solution to inhibit or kill another microorganism

Question 18

Antibiotic Resistance

Answer 18

Resistance to one or more antibiotics, usually due to additional genetic information

Question 19

Conjugation

Answer 19

The one-way transfer of DNA between bacteria in cellular contact

Question 20

Nucleoid

Answer 20

The DNA-containing area of a bacterial cell

Question 21

Plasmid

Answer 21

A small ring of DNA that carries accessory genes separate from those of the bacterial chromosome

Question 22

Transduction

Answer 22

The transfer of genetic material from one organism (such as a bacterium) to another by a genetic vector

Question 23

Transformation

Answer 23

The genetic modification of a bacterium by incorporation of free DNA from another ruptured bacterial cell