Compare & Contrast Bacterial Gene Transfer

Question 1

Genetic materials are based in the _________ and ___________

Answer 1

Nucleoid region, plasmids

Question 2

____________ DNA can be transmitted to other bacteria

Answer 2

Plasmid

Question 3

Resistance can be acquired through

Answer 3

1. Conjugation
2. Transduction
3. Transformation

Question 4

Conjugation

Answer 4

-Bacterial sex
-Donor cells attaches to recipient with pluis, plasmid DNA transferred
-Recipient synthesizes complimentary strand to become F+, donor synthesizes complimentary strand to restore complete plasmid.

Question 5

Transduction

Answer 5

Viral vector delivers genetic material

Question 6

Transformation

Answer 6

“Naked” DNA is taken up by bacterium

Question 7

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance

Answer 7

1. Degradation
2. Efflux
3. Mutation

Question 8

Degradation

Answer 8

Chemically destroying antibiotic

Question 9

Efflux

Answer 9

Expels antibiotic

Question 10

Mutation

Answer 10

Acquired resistance by chance (Rapid generation=more mutations)

Question 11

Penicillin resistance

Answer 11

B-lactamase breaks lactam ring, causes inactivation

Question 12

Hydrolysis

Answer 12

Hydrolysis breaks beta lactam by beta-lactamase enzyme

Question 13

Methods of evading efflux

Answer 13

-Engage (Clog until pump doesn’t work anymore)
-Evade (Affect structure of pump)
-Exploit (Use different drug)

Question 14

How can you prevent antibiotic resistance?

Answer 14

Finishing a course of antibiotics

Question 15

What happens when you don’t finish a course of antibiotics?

Answer 15

More drug resistant survive, infection comes back but harder to treat