(MHD) Infective Endocarditis-self-study Flashcards
80-90% of infective endocarditis is caused by what 2 types of bacteria?
Staph and Strep
What are the clinical manifestations associated with infective endocarditis?
- Petechiae
- Splinter hemorrhages
- Janeway lesions
- Osler nodes
- Roth spots
These signs do not occur very frequently (fever and murmur are almost always present)
Splinter hemorrhages
Linear red to brown streaks that appear under the fingernails and toenails.
Associated with infective endocarditis.
Janeway lesions
Small erythematous nodules observed on the palms and soles.
Associated with infective endocarditis.
Osler nodes
Erythematous wheel-like tender nodules usually located on the pads of fingers and toes.
Associated with infective endocarditis.
Roth Spots
Round or oval retinal hemorrhages with pale centers.
Associated with infective endocarditis.
Nonbacterial thrombatic endocarditis (NBTE) and how this leads to infective endocarditis.
Damage to the endothelium leads to this accumulation of platelets and fibrin. This NBTW can serve as a site for microorganisms from the blood to attach, which leads to IE.
Dextran
An extracellular polysaccharide which is essential for adherence of oral streptocci to NBTE (Nonbacterial thrombatic endocarditis)
Fim A
A surface adhesin gene widely distributed among strands of Strep viridans and entercocci.
What are the (2) test used to confirm diagnoses of endocarditis? Which should be performed first?
Blood cultures (should be done first) and echocardiography.
Treatment for Infective Endocarditis
Combination antimicrobial therapy (based on the type of bug)
Most allergic reactions to penicillin are what type of hypersensitivity? Describe this hypersensitivty.
Type I hypersensitivity (allergic reaction: T-mediated responses mediated by IgE and histamine release)
