MGMT EX 2 Flashcards
Technology Cycle
A cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by newer, substantially better technology.
Dominant Design
A new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard.
Technological Lockout
The inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relied on old technology or a non-dominant design.
Coercion
The use of formal power and authority to force others to change.
Organizational Innovation
The successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations.
Adverse Impact
Unintentional discrimination that occurs when members of a particular race, sex, or ethnic group are unintentionally harmed or disadvantaged because they are hired, promoted, or trained at substantially lower rates.
Diversity
A variety of demographic, cultural, and personal differences among an organization’s employees and customers.
Deep-Level Diversity
Differences such as personality and attitudes that are communicated through verbal and nonverbal behaviors and arfe learned only through extended interaction with others.
Incremental Change
The phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design.
Organizational Decline
A large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don’t anticipate recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival.
Organizational Development
A philosophy and collection of planned change interventions designed to improve an organization’s long-term health and performance.
Trade Barriers
Government-imposed regulations that increase the cost and restrict the number of imported goods.
Surface-Level Diversity
Differences such as age, sex, race/ethnicity, and physical disabilities that are observable, typically unchangeable, and easy to measure.
Social Integration
The degree to which group members are psychologically attracted to working with each other to accomplish a common objective.
Performance Appraisal
The process of assessing how well employees are doing their jobs.
Performing
The fourth and final stage of team development, in which performance improves because the team has matured into an effective, full functioning team.
Glass Ceiling
The invisible barrier that prevents women and minorities from advancing to the top jobs in organizations.
Multifunctional Teams
Work teams composed of people from different departments.
Disparate Treatment
Intentional discrimination that occurs when people are purposely not given the same hiring, promotion, or membership opportunities because of their race, color, sex, age, ethnic group, national origin, or religious beliefs.
Forming
The first stage of team development, in which team members meet each other, form initial impressions, and begin to establish team norms.
Emotional Stability
The degree to which someone is not angry, depressed, anxious, emotional, insecure, and excitable.
Unfreezing
Getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed.
Organizational Plurality
A work environment where (1) all members are empowered to contribute in a way that maximizes the benefits to the organization, customers, and themselves, and (2) the individually of each member is respected by not segmenting or polarizing people on the basis their membership in a particular group.
Expatriate
Someone who lives and works outside of his or her native country.
Functional Departmentalization
Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular business functions or areas of expertise.
Norming
The third stage of team development, in which team members begin to settle into their roles, group cohesion grows, and positive team norms develop.
Storming
The second stage of development, characterized by conflict and disagreement, in which team members disagree over what the team should do and how it should do it.
Chain of Command
The vertical line of authority that clarifies who reports to whom throughout the organization.
Customer Departmentalization
Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for particular kinds of customers.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
A regional trade agreement between the US, Canada, and Mexico.
Product Departmentalization
Organizing work and workers into separate units responsible for producing particular products or services.
Tariff
A direct tax on imported goods.
