Chapter 7 Key Terms Innovation and Change Flashcards
Organizational Innovation
the successful implementation of creative ideas in organizations
Technology Cycle
a cycle that begins with the birth of a new technology and ends when that technology reaches its limits and is replaced by a newer, substantially better technology
S-Curve Pattern of Innovation
a pattern of technological innovation characterized by slow initial progress, then rapid progress, and then slow progress again as a technology matures and reaches its limits
Innovation Streams
patterns of innovation over time that can create sustainable competitive advantage
Technological Discontinuity
the phase of an innovation stream in which a scientific advance or unique combination of existing technologies creates a significant breakthrough in performance or function
Discontinuous Change
the phase of a technology cycle characterized by technological substitution and design competition
Technological Substitution
the purchase of new technologies to replace older ones
Design Competition
competition between old and new technologies to establish a new technological standard or dominant design
Dominant Design
a new technological design or process that becomes the accepted market standard
Technological Lockout
the inability of a company to competitively sell its products because it relies on old technology or non dominant design
Incremental Change
The phase of a technology cycle in which companies innovate by lowering costs and improving the functioning and performance of the dominant technological design.
Creative work environments
workplace cultures in which workers perceive that new ideas are welcomed, valued, and encouraged
Flow
A psychological state of effortlessness, in which you become completely absorbed in what you’re doing and time seems to pass quickly
Experiential approach to innovation
an approach to innovation that assumes a highly uncertain environment and uses intuition, flexible options, and hands-on experience to reduce uncertainty and accelerate learning and understanding.
Design Iteration
a cycle of repetition in which a company tests a prototype of a new product or service, improves on that design, and then builds and tests the improved prototype.
Product prototype
a full-scale, working model that is being tested for design, function, and reliability
Testing
the systematic comparison of different product designs or design iterations
Milestones
formal project review points used to assess progress and performance
Multifunctional teams
work teams composed of people from different departments
Compression approach to innovation
an approach to innovation that assumes that incremental innovation can be planned using a series of steps and that compressing those steps can speed innovation.
Generational change
change based on incremental improvements to a dominant technological design such that the improved technology is fully backward compatible with the older technology
Organizational decline
a large decrease in organizational performance that occurs when companies don’t anticipate, recognize, neutralize, or adapt to the internal or external pressures that threaten their survival
Change forces
forces that produce differences in the form, quality, or condition of an organization over time.
Resistance forces
forces that support the existing conditions in organizations
resistance to change
opposition to change resulting from self-interest, misunderstanding and distrust, and a general intolerance for change
Unfreezing
getting the people affected by change to believe that change is needed
Change intervention
the process used to get workers and managers to change their behaviors and work practices.
Refreezing
supporting and reinforcing new changes so that they stick
Coercion
the use of formal power and authority to force others to change
Results-driven change
change created quickly by focusing on the measurement and improvement of results
General Electric Workout
a three-day meeting in which managers and employees from different levels and parts of an organization quickly generate and act on solutions to specific business problems
Organizational development
a philosophy and collection of planned change intervention designed to improve an organizations long-term health and performance
Change Agent
the person formally in charge of guiding a change effort
