MF ANATOMY Flashcards
What bones make up the inferior wall of the orbit?
-Maxilla
-Zygomatic
-Palatine
Which bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?
- Horizontal bone of palatine
- Palatine process of maxilla
Which bone contributes the most to sutural growth of the orbit?
Lacrimal
(Bone resorption for complex sutural adjustment of orbit during growth)
Which nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?
Facial nerve
Where do the digastric muscles insert?
- Posterior: mastoid process
- Inserts on hyoid bone as tendon
- Anterior: mandible
Which muscles of mastication are agonists/antagonists?
- Agonists: Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid
- Antagonist: Lateral Pterygoid (opens jaw)
Where does the trigeminal nerve stem from?
Pons
What structure releases hormone that marks the start of puberty?
Hypothalamus
What structures pass through the optic canal?
- Optic nerve (CN2)
- Ophthalmic arteries
What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?
- CN 3, 4, 5(1), 6
- Ophthalmic vein
Which structure passes through foramen rotundum?
- CN 5(2) - Maxillary nerve
Which structure passes through foramen ovale?
CN 5(3) - Mandibular nerve
Which structure passes through foramen spinosum?
- Middle meningeal artery/vein
- Meningeal branch of CN 5(3)
Which structures pass through foramen lacerum? What bones form it?
- Artery and nerve of pterygoid canal (CN7)
- A: Sphenoid, P: Occipital, L: Temporal
Which structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?
CN7, 8
Which structures pass through the jugular foramen?
CN 9,10, 11
Which structure passes through the hypoglossal canal?
Hypoglossal nerve
Which glands are responsible for salivary flow? (%)
- Submandibular 65-70% (most common for stones)
- Parotid 20% (Stenson’s duct)
- Minor and sublingual 5%
Is there gender variability in the amount of saliva produced?
Yes, males produce more.
What is responsible for saliva’s antiviral functions?
IgA
What are the paranasal sinuses and where do they drain?
- Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid (4)
- Maxillary, frontal, and anterior/middle ethmoidal sinuses drain to the middle meatus
- Posterior ethmoidal sinus drains to the superior meatus
- Sphenoid sinus drains to the sphenoethmoidal recess
- The nasolacrimal duct drains to the inferior meatus
In which muscle is Botox placed?
Levator labii superioris
Which muscles elevate the hyoid?
The suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, and geniohyoid
Which muscles protrude and retrude the tongue?
- Genioglossus protrudes (innervated by hypoglossus CN12)
- Hyoglossus retrudes
- Both depress
What are the smiling muscles?
- Zygomaticus major
- Zygomaticus minor
- Risorius
- Levator labii superioris
- Levator anguli oris
- Orbicularis oculi
What does the mandibular branch of V3 innervate? What are all of these structures derived from?
- Muscles of mastication (medial and lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporalis)
- Anterior belly of the digastric muscle
- Mylohyoid muscle
- Tensor veli palatini
- Tensor tympani
- Derived from first branchial arch
What comes from the first branchial arch?
- Maxilla, mandible, muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani (all innervated by V3)
- Meckel’s cartilage (malleus and incus)
- Sphenomandibular ligament
- Anterior 2/3 of tongue
What comes from the second branchial arch?
- Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, sylohyoid muscle (all innervated by CN VII)
- Styloid process
- Stapes
- Stylohyoid ligament
- Hammock ligament: eruption
Where does the facial nerve exit and what are its branches?
- Stylomastoid foramen
- Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical
What provides motor and sensory nerves to the tongue?
- Motor: Hypoglossal (CN12)
- Posterior 1/3rd: Sensory and Taste: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)
- Anterior 2/3rd: Sensory - Lingual branch of CN V3
- Anterior 2/3rd: Taste - Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (CN7)
Which ligament is located between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscle?
Pterygospinous ligament
Which ligament follows the medial pterygoid muscle laterally?
Sphenomandibular ligament
Which ligament is responsible for Eagle’s syndrome?
Stylohyoid ligament
Which muscle lifts the upper lip and wing of the nose (snarl)?
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi
Which muscle dampens sounds in the ear like chewing noises?
Tensor tympani (MF says tensor veli palatini)
(innervated by V3)
