MF ANATOMY

Question 1

What bones make up the inferior wall of the orbit?

Answer 1

-Maxilla
-Zygomatic
-Palatine

Question 2

Which bones form the floor of the nasal cavity?

Answer 2

• Horizontal bone of palatine
• Palatine process of maxilla

Question 3

Which bone contributes the most to sutural growth of the orbit?

Answer 3

Lacrimal
(Bone resorption for complex sutural adjustment of orbit during growth)

Question 4

Which nerve innervates the posterior belly of the digastric?

Answer 4

Facial nerve

Question 5

Where do the digastric muscles insert?

Answer 5

• Posterior: mastoid process
• Inserts on hyoid bone as tendon
• Anterior: mandible

Question 6

Which muscles of mastication are agonists/antagonists?

Answer 6

• Agonists: Masseter, Temporalis, Medial Pterygoid
• Antagonist: Lateral Pterygoid (opens jaw)

Question 7

Where does the trigeminal nerve stem from?

Answer 7

Pons

Question 8

What structure releases hormone that marks the start of puberty?

Answer 8

Hypothalamus

Question 9

What structures pass through the optic canal?

Answer 9

• Optic nerve (CN2)
• Ophthalmic arteries

Question 10

What structures pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Answer 10

• CN 3, 4, 5(1), 6
• Ophthalmic vein

Question 11

Which structure passes through foramen rotundum?

Answer 11

• CN 5(2) - Maxillary nerve

Question 12

Which structure passes through foramen ovale?

Answer 12

CN 5(3) - Mandibular nerve

Question 13

Which structure passes through foramen spinosum?

Answer 13

• Middle meningeal artery/vein
• Meningeal branch of CN 5(3)

Question 14

Which structures pass through foramen lacerum? What bones form it?

Answer 14

• Artery and nerve of pterygoid canal (CN7)
• A: Sphenoid, P: Occipital, L: Temporal

Question 15

Which structures pass through the internal acoustic meatus?

Answer 15

CN7, 8

Question 16

Which structures pass through the jugular foramen?

Answer 16

CN 9,10, 11

Question 17

Which structure passes through the hypoglossal canal?

Answer 17

Hypoglossal nerve

Question 18

Which glands are responsible for salivary flow? (%)

Answer 18

• Submandibular 65-70% (most common for stones)
• Parotid 20% (Stenson’s duct)
• Minor and sublingual 5%

Question 19

Is there gender variability in the amount of saliva produced?

Answer 19

Yes, males produce more.

Question 20

What is responsible for saliva’s antiviral functions?

Answer 20

IgA

Question 21

What are the paranasal sinuses and where do they drain?

Answer 21

• Maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid (4)
• Maxillary, frontal, and anterior/middle ethmoidal sinuses drain to the middle meatus
• Posterior ethmoidal sinus drains to the superior meatus
• Sphenoid sinus drains to the sphenoethmoidal recess
• The nasolacrimal duct drains to the inferior meatus

Question 22

In which muscle is Botox placed?

Answer 22

Levator labii superioris

Question 23

Which muscles elevate the hyoid?

Answer 23

The suprahyoid muscles: stylohyoid, mylohyoid, digastric, and geniohyoid

Question 24

Which muscles protrude and retrude the tongue?

Answer 24

• Genioglossus protrudes (innervated by hypoglossus CN12)
• Hyoglossus retrudes
• Both depress

Question 25

What are the smiling muscles?

Answer 25

- Zygomaticus major - Zygomaticus minor - Risorius - Levator labii superioris - Levator anguli oris - Orbicularis oculi

Question 26

What does the mandibular branch of V3 innervate? What are all of these structures derived from?

Answer 26

- Muscles of mastication (medial and lateral pterygoid, masseter, temporalis) - Anterior belly of the digastric muscle - Mylohyoid muscle - Tensor veli palatini - Tensor tympani - Derived from **first branchial arch**

Question 27

What comes from the **first branchial arch**?

Answer 27

- Maxilla, mandible, muscles of mastication, anterior belly of digastric, mylohyoid, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani (all innervated by V3) - Meckel’s cartilage (malleus and incus) - Sphenomandibular ligament - Anterior 2/3 of tongue

Question 28

What comes from the **second branchial arch**?

Answer 28

- Muscles of facial expression, posterior belly of digastric, sylohyoid muscle (all innervated by CN VII) - Styloid process - Stapes - Stylohyoid ligament - *Hammock ligament: eruption*

Question 29

Where does the facial nerve exit and what are its branches?

Answer 29

- Stylomastoid foramen - Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, Cervical

Question 30

What provides motor and sensory nerves to the tongue?

Answer 30

- Motor: Hypoglossal (CN12) - Posterior 1/3rd: Sensory and Taste: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9) - Anterior 2/3rd: Sensory - Lingual branch of CN V3 - Anterior 2/3rd: Taste - Chorda tympani branch of facial nerve (CN7)

Question 31

Which ligament is located between the lateral and medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 31

Pterygospinous ligament

Question 32

Which ligament follows the medial pterygoid muscle laterally?

Answer 32

Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 33

Which ligament is responsible for Eagle’s syndrome?

Answer 33

Stylohyoid ligament

Question 34

Which muscle lifts the upper lip and wing of the nose (snarl)?

Answer 34

Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi

Question 35

Which muscle dampens sounds in the ear like chewing noises?

Answer 35

Tensor tympani (MF says tensor veli palatini) (innervated by V3)