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Medicinal chemistry > mevalonate pathway 3 > Flashcards

mevalonate pathway 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

ring system tant is more flexible

A

cis fused ring system

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2
Q

typifies the fundamental structure of steroids

A

cholesterol

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3
Q

steroidal surface active agents and soap like properties with the ability to cause foaming and hemolyze blod cells.

A

steroidal saponins

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4
Q

characteristic features of steroidal saponins

A

spiroketal at c22
sugar residues on 3 beta hydroxyl
common configuration at c22

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5
Q

strengthen weakened heart

A

cardioactive glycosides

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6
Q

modified triterpenoids with tetracyclic ring of lanosterolbut lacking 3 methyl groups at c4 and c14

A

steroids

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7
Q

two types of aglycone? which is more common?

A

bufadienolides-24c

cardenolides- most common, 23c

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8
Q

example of cardenolide

A

digitoxigenin- digitalis purpurea

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9
Q

example of bufadienolide

A

hellebrigenin-helleborus niger

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10
Q

characteristic features of cardioactive glycosides

A

14 beta hydroxyl
cis fusion a/b and c/d
unsaturated lactone c17
sugar residues on 3 beta hydroxyl

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11
Q

precursor of hellebrigenin via 5 beta hydroxylation and c19 oxidation

A

bufalin

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12
Q

bufadienolide that is found on the skin of toads

A

bufalin

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13
Q

bufadienolide found in human eye that regulate atpase activity

A

19 norbufalin

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14
Q

sterols in plants, fungi, and algae

A

phytosterol

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15
Q

24 ethyl and 24 methyl analogues of cholesterol

A

sitosterol

campesterol

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16
Q

from soya beans

A

campesterol

sitosterol

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17
Q

sci name for soya bean

A

glycine max fabaceae

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18
Q

has trans delta 22 double bond

A

stigmasterol

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19
Q

predominant sterol in fungi

A

ergosterol

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20
Q

has beta oriented 24 methyl, trans deltaa 22 double bond, and delta 7 unsaturation

A

ergosterol

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21
Q

abundant sterol in brown algae

A

fucosterol

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22
Q

has 24 ethylidene substituent

A

fucosterol

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23
Q

against gram + bacteria

A

fusidic acid

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24
Q

antibacterial agent against acremonium fusidioides

A

fusidic acid

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25
Q

substrate for alkylation

A

lanosterol- fungi

cycloartenol-plants and algae

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26
Q

for absorption and utilization of calcium

A

vit d or sunshine vitamin

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27
Q

vitamin d3 aka

A

cholecalciferol

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28
Q

sterol metabolite formed in animals from 7 dehydrocholesterol by suns irradiation

A

cholecalciferol

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29
Q

immediate delta 5,7 precursor of cholesterol

A

7 dehydrocholesterol

30
Q

vitamin d2

A

ergocalciferol

31
Q

used as rodenticide

A

ergocalciferol

32
Q

active form of vit d

A

calcitriol

33
Q

use for chronic vitamin d deficiency

A

calcitriol

34
Q

stimulates the absorption of calcium and phosphate in intestine and mobilization of calcium in bone

A

calcitriol

35
Q

synthetic reduction of tachysterol

A

dihydrotachysterol

36
Q

has moulting hormone that allows for larval development and metamorphosis

A

ecdysones

37
Q

c24 steroidal acid that is secred by the gut to emulsify and encourage digestion

A

bile acids

38
Q

means of degrading cholesterol in diet

A

bile acids

39
Q

cholesterol lowering drugs

A

cholestyramine and cholestipol

40
Q

treat hight coronary patients by binding to bile acids

A

cholestyramine

colestipol

41
Q

examples of bile acids

A

chenodeoxycholic acid
ursodeoxycholic acid
dehydrocholic acid

42
Q

characteristic features of bile acids

A

c24 cholane skeleton
cis fusion a/b rings
5c carboxylic acid side chain
3 alpha and 7alpha hydrolysis

43
Q

acts as detergents by their non polar steroid nucleus and polar side chain

A

bile acids

44
Q

steroid hormones produced by adrenal cortex

A

corticosteroids/ adrenocortical hormones

45
Q

contain pregnane c21 skeleton

A

corticosteroids

46
Q

2 main groups of corticosteroids

A

glucocorticoids

mineralocorticoids

47
Q

concerned with synthesis of carbohydrates from proteins and deposition of glycogen in the liver

A

glucocorticoids

48
Q

glucocorticoids

A

steroids that play important role in inflammatory process

49
Q

examples of glucocorticoids

A

hydrocortisone

corticosterone

50
Q

used to dissolve cholesterol gallstones as an alternative to surgery

A

ursodeoxycholic acid

51
Q

used after surgery to improve biliary damage

A

dehydrocholic acid

52
Q

concerned with control of mineral balance

A

mineralocorticoids

53
Q

active compounds promoting the retention of sodium and chloride and excretion of potassium

A

minerlocorticoids

54
Q

examples of mineralocorticoids

A

aldosterone

desoxycorticosterone or cortexone

55
Q

aka as progestin or gestogens

A

progestogen

56
Q

female sex hormone concerned in preparing the uterus for pregnancy

A

progestogen

57
Q

example of pregestogen

A

progesterone

58
Q

pregestational steroid

A

progesterone

59
Q

secreted by the corpus luteus following the release

A

progesterone

60
Q

intermediate in the biosynthesis of corticosteroids

A

progesterone

61
Q

dervied from cholesterol via prenenolone in the formation of cardioactive glycosides

A

progesterone

62
Q

femAle sex hormone produced in the ovaries and placent during pregnancy

A

estroges\ estrogen

63
Q

responsible for female sex characteristics

A

estrogens

64
Q

control menstrual cycle

A

estrogen

65
Q

isolated in the urine of women

A

estrogen

66
Q

example of oestrogens

A

estradiol
oestrone
oestrol

67
Q

catalyzes synthesis of estrogens

A

aromatase

68
Q

treatment of breast cancer

A

aromatase

69
Q

male sex hormone

A

androgens

70
Q

secreted by the testes and responsible for male sex characteristics

A

androgens

71
Q

androgens secondary physiological effect

A

stimulates bone growth and muscle

storage of protein

Medicinal chemistry (6 decks)

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