Metranidazole Flashcards
what kid of drug is metranidazole?
synthetic nitroimidazole
antiparasitic
prodrug = must be metabolised to be converted into active form
how does metranidazole kill cells? how does it penetrate cells?
inhibits DNA replication
penetrates cells equally
what enzyme in metranidazole carries out reduction?
oxidorectuctase
what bacteria does metranidazole target? list examples.
obligate anaerobes
gram -ve pathogens
bacteriodes
clostridium (C. Diff)
fusobacterium spp
prevotella
peptistreptococcus
how does dependancy differ in metranidazole to penicillin?
metranidazole is concentration dependent - concentration should be sufficiently high to assure bacterial killing
whereas penicillin is time dependant
half life?
8hrs
lethal dose?
no lethal dose - unlikely toxicity
when should metranidazole be avoided? (3 conditions)
1st trimester of pregnancy
if severe hepatic dysfunction
be wary in end stage renal failure
when is metronidazole considered first choice?
anaerobes suspected
ANUG
pericoronitis
dental abscess
beta lactamase producing anaerobes
penecillin allergy
what drugs interact with metranidazole?
APPCLW:
alcohol
phenytoin - antiseizure
phenpbarbitol - antiseizure
cimetidine - gastric acid reducer
lithium - mood stabiliser
warfirin - anticoag
list adverse effects of metranidazole
GI
nausea
vomiting
anorexia
diarrhoea
epigastric destress
cramping
constipation
what adverse effects can occur with prolonged/intensive use?
convulsive seizure
numbness of extremities
dizziness
vertigo
incoordination
irritability
depression
weakness
insomnia
what adverse oral effects can occur from metranidazole use?
unpleasant tase
sharp/metallic taste
furred tongue
glossitis
stomatitis
sudden overgrowth of candida
what reversible/temporary adverse effects can occur from metranidazole use?
neutropenia - inc infection
thrombocytopenia - inc bleeding
blood dyscrasias - abnormal state
what diseases is metranidazole used to tx in developing countries?
parasitic
