Methods used to study

Question 1

What is a Survey?

Answer 1

systematic collection of data with predetermined questions

Question 2

What are the 6 different ways to administer surveys?

Answer 2

postal, internet, phone, group, structured interviews, personal

Question 3

ADV and DIS postal

Answer 3

quick and easy to administer and complete
response bias

Question 4

ADV and DIS internet

Answer 4

large sample, quick and easy
lack of representativeness

Question 5

ADV and DIS phone

Answer 5

personal Qs easier to ask over the phone, large sample
selection bias, interviewer bias

Question 6

ADV and DIS group

Answer 6

large amount of data collected quicker
lack of anonymity and group pressure

Question 7

ADV and DIS structured interview

Answer 7

standardised
inflexible - no room for elaboration
interviewer bias

Question 8

ADV and DIS personal

Answer 8

good response rate, quick and easy
representativeness
social desirability
questionnaire fatigue

Question 9

Designing a Questionnaire

Answer 9

1- topic
2- type of questionnaire
3- draft
4- re-examine
5- pilot study
6- edit procedure

Question 10

What not to use in a Questionnaire

Answer 10

double barrelled questions e.g how do you feel about___ and ____?
loaded questions
negative wording

Question 11

What are open-ended questions and + and - ?

Answer 11

Qs that gain qualitative data
+ detailed data
- subjective interpretation
- time consuming

Question 12

What are partially open-ended questions?

Answer 12

multiple choice plus option with ‘other’

Question 13

What are close-ended questions and + and - ?

Answer 13

quantitative, likert scale, multiple choice, true/false
+ quick and easy
- less detail

Question 14

What is questionnaire fallacy?

Answer 14

mistaken belief that a questionnaire provides a true picture of what people do and think
answers can be theory led

Question 15

What does it mean if answers are theory led?

Answer 15

means that researcher thinks they know relevant answers which are displayed in multiple choice

Question 16

What are 3 different scales that can be used?

Answer 16

rating scales
likert scales
semantic differential scale

Question 17

What are some issues found in Questionnaires?

Answer 17

order effects
demand characteristics
social desirability
cultural bias
extreme or neutral responses
acquiescent (agreement bias)
priming (thinking about answer to one Q whilst answering another on)

Question 18

What are Psychometric tests?

Answer 18

lets that measures the mind
aims to uncover ‘implicit’ or ‘subconscious’ processes
2 types: Aptitude, Attitudes

Question 19

What is meant by Aptitude psychometric test?

Answer 19

tests ability e.g IQ

Question 20

What is meant by Attitude psychometric test?

Answer 20

tests personal qualities e.g personality

Question 21

History of aptitude psychometric test

Answer 21

china selected bureaucrats based on ability rather than birth

Question 22

What was the first modern psychometric test?

Answer 22

Yerkes army alpha and beat tests
(test was ethnocentric)

Question 23

What is an example of an early personality test?

Answer 23

Woodworth personal data sheet

Question 24

What are examples of modern day psychometric test?

Answer 24

Stanford-binet IQ test
Raven’s progressive matrices

Question 25

What are 2 examples of Implicit Cognitive tests?

Answer 25

Word Association Tests (WAT) (Jung)
Implicit Association Test (IAT) (Greenwald)

Question 26

What is meant by colloquialism?

Answer 26

there are different meanings for words in different cultures
example shown through WAT

Question 27

What are the 2 types of reliability?

Answer 27

Internal
External

Question 28

What method is used to test internal reliability?

Answer 28

Split half method

Question 29

What method is used to test external reliability?

Answer 29

Test retest

Question 30

What is Content validity?

Answer 30

does the method cover all aspects of the construct being studying

Question 31

What is Construct validity?

Answer 31

does the method measure the construct it’s supposed to

Question 32

What is Criterion validity?

Answer 32

does the measure correlate with established outcomes

Question 33

What is response referencing?

Answer 33

tendency to respond in a certain way to present a certain pictures of oneself

Question 34

What is normative reference testing?

Answer 34

when scores are compared to the norm e.g the mean