Ethics Flashcards
What do ethics investigate?
normative questions about what people ought to do
What are the 2 broad paradigms in Ethics?
Consequentialism
Deontology
What is Consequentialism?
judging actions based on their consequence
e.g morally right thing to do gives best overall consequence
actions are not inherently good or bad
What is an example of consequentialism?
Utilitarianism
What is a strength of consequentialism?
practical and flexible
What is a weakness of consequentialism?
consequences are unpredictable
intentions are not judged
What is Deontology?
judging actions based on general rules
choices are either morally forbidden and permitted
deon = duty
What is an example of deontology?
Kants moral philosophy
What is a strength of deontology?
rules give clarity
What is a weakness of deontology?
inflexible, no definitive list of good and bad
What was the first ethical guideline formulated?
Nuremberg Code (1947)
created as a result of Nuremberg doctors trial after WW2
What were the principles created in the guideline?
informed consent
voluntary participation
right to withdraw
protection against harm (beneficence ad non-maleficence)
What did later guidelines introduce and expand on?
Avoiding deception through debriefing
Confidentiality + anonymity
What is Anonymous data?
where re-identification of ppts is impossible
What is Pseudonymous data?
where data doesn’t contain personal information but identification may be possible
