Methods of Movement of Solutes

Question 1

The tendency of molecules of ions to move from an area where they are in higher concentration to an area where they are in lower concentration.

Answer 1

Diffusion

Question 2

During diffusion, when molecules or ions move to a lower concentration from its higher concentration, they are moving

Answer 2

Down their concentration gradient.

Question 3

Because the driving force for diffusion is the kinetic energy of the molecules themselves, the speed of diffusion is influences by molecular ____ and by ____.

Answer 3

Size (the smaller, the faster)

Temp (the warmer, the faster)

Question 4

When a uniform mixture of molecules is achieved, the system reaches

Answer 4

Equilibrium

Question 5

The plasma membrane is a physical barrier to Free Diffusion because of its hydrophobic core. However, a molecule or ion will diffuse through the membrane if the molecule is ____, _____, _______.

Answer 5

• lipid soluble
• small enough to pass through the membrane channels
• assisted by a carrier molecule.

Question 6

The unassisted diffusion of lipid-soluble or very small particles is called

Answer 6

Simple diffusion

Question 7

Type of diffusion that is passive in movement of certain solutes across the membrane, but still needs to bind with a membrane carrier protein or by moving through a membrane channel. As with all types of diffusion, it is driven by kinetic energy, but the carriers and membranes are selective.

Answer 7

Facilitated diffusion

Question 8

In simple diffusion, lipid-soluble substances diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer. What are such substances?

Answer 8

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Fat-soluble vitamins

Question 9

In which the transported substance either (1) binds to protein carriers in membrane and is ferried across or (2) moves through water-filled protein channels.

Answer 9

Fascilitated diffusion

Question 10

Diffusion of a SOLVENT, usually WATER, through a selectively permeable membrane. Water diffuses through membrane channels (aquaporins) or directly through the lipid portion of the membrane from a solution of high concentration to lower concentration to even out concentrations of solutes that cannot permeate the semipermeable membrane

Answer 10

Osmosis

Question 11

The movement of molecules driven by kinetic energy down a concentration gradient.

Answer 11

Diffusion

Question 12

All diffusion is driven by

Answer 12

Kinetic energy

Question 13

The measure of the osmotic pressure of two solutions separated by a semi-permeable membrane

Answer 13

Tonicity

Question 14

If a solution is hypotonic, the red blood cell will

Answer 14

Swell

Question 15

If a solution is hypertonic, the red blood cell will

Answer 15

Shrink

Question 16

The types of diffusion are

Answer 16

Diffusion
Facilitated diffusion
Osmosis

Question 17

If a solution is hypotonic, the red blood cell will

Answer 17

Swell/Lyse

Question 18

If a solution is hypertonic, the red blood cell will

Answer 18

Shrink/Crenate

Question 19

Active Transport requires carrier proteins (solute pumps) which bind ____ and _____ with substance

Answer 19

specifically, reversibly

Question 20

Active transport moves solutes ___ concentration gradient

Answer 20

Against

Question 21

Primary active transport requires energy ____ from ATP hydrolysis

Answer 21

directly

Question 22

Active Transport requires carrier proteins (solute pumps) which bind ____ and _____ with a substance

Answer 22

specifically, reversibly

Question 23

Active transport moves solutes ___ concentration gradient and requires energy to do so.

Answer 23

Against

Question 24

Type of transport that depends on a carrier protein and energy (solute pumping)

Answer 24

Active transport

Question 25

What is an example of active transport?

Answer 25

Na + -K + pump (sodium potassium pump)

Question 26

In secondary active transport, the energy of an ion gradient is produced by

Answer 26

A primary active transport process such as the sodium potassium pump

Question 27

How is the energy used in secondary active transport?

Answer 27

To transport a substance passively.

Question 28

What is another type of transport that requires that its energy be provided?

Answer 28

Vesicular transport

Question 29

Type of vesicular transport which brings substances into the cell, typically protein coated vescicles

Answer 29

Endocytosis

Question 30

Type of vesicular transport which brings substances that are large into the cell, this process is called

Answer 30

Phagocytosis

Question 31

Type of vesicular transport which brings dissolved molecules into the cell

Answer 31

Pinocytosis (to drink)

Question 32

Selective process in which engulfed molecules attach to receptors on the membrane before endocytosis occurs.

Answer 32

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 33

Active process which used SNAREs to anchor the vesicles to the plasma membrane and then ejects substances (hormones, wastes, secretions) from the cell.

Answer 33

Exocytosis