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Environmental science > methods of conserving biodiversity > Flashcards

methods of conserving biodiversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Name the 3 key features of the Wildlife and Countryside Act

A
  • bans killing/taking wild birds
  • restricts introduction of certain organisms
  • designation of protected areas i.e. SSSI’s and NNR’s
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2
Q

Give examples of banning certain activities

A
  • no fishing zones
  • strict planning permission
  • use of pesticides
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3
Q

give examples of how maintaining a plagioclimax help to protect wildlife/habitats

A
  • controlled burning
  • controlled cattle grazing
  • controlled mowing
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4
Q

give examples of the provision of things can help to protect wildlife/habitats

A
  • food
  • nesting sites
  • biological corridors
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5
Q

the removal of ___________ species can help conservation.

A

introduced species

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6
Q

name 2 ways that visitors can be prevented from harming habitat

A
  • restricted areas
  • restricted activities
  • regulating no. of visitors
  • having designated paths
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7
Q

Named wildlife and habitats:

  1. Sand dunes = ___ ______
  2. heathlands = reptiles and _________
  3. shipwrecks = fish and _____
  4. Ponds = ____
A
  1. sand lizards
  2. butterflies
  3. corals
  4. newts
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8
Q

What does agri-environmental schemes do?

A

rewards + encourage environmentally beneficial development

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9
Q

Name at least 2 of the 4 agri-environmental schemes

A
  • Environmentally Sensitive Areas (ESA)
  • Countryside Stewardship Scheme (CSS)
  • Environmental Stewardship Scheme (ESS)
  • Countryside Stewardship (CS)
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10
Q

name 3 of the 5 aims of the agri-environmental scheme

A
  • conserve biodiversity
  • protect historic environment
  • promote public access and understanding
  • protect natural resources
  • maintain and enhance landscape quality + character
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11
Q

Name at least 4 features that could be part of the agri-environmental scheme

A
  • beetle banks
  • field buffer strips
  • wild bird seeds
  • low input grasslands
  • hedgerow/stone wall/ditch management
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12
Q

Meaning and role of SSSI, who it’s designated by and example

A

Sites of Special Scientific Investigation = biological or physiographic interest
- UK legislation
+ Studland/Southampton Common

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13
Q

Meaning and role NNR, who it’s designated by and example

A

National Nature Reserve = owned/controlled areas to protect habitat/geological formations
- Uk legislation
+ Lundy Island/ Solent Water

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14
Q

Meaning and role of SAC, who it’s designated by and example

A

Special Area of Conservation = ensures biodiversity by protection of significant habitats
- EU (legislation) Habitats directive
+ Brown moss/ SAC in Shropshire

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15
Q

Meaning and role SPA, who it’s designated by and example

A

Special Protected Area = protects habitats for rare birds
- EU (legislation) Birds Directive
+ The New Forest/Avon Valley

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16
Q

Meaning and role of MNR, who it’s designated by and example

A

Marine Nature Reserve = conserve marine habitats
- UK legislation
+ Lundy and Skomer Island

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17
Q

Meaning and role of LNR, who it’s designated by and example

A

Local Nature Reserve = conservation of nature, research/employment
- UK legislation
+ Manor farm, Itchen Valley

18
Q

role of Ramsar Sites, who it’s designated by and example

A

= protects areas of important wetland
- international
+ Avon Valley/Broadlands

19
Q

Meaning and role of MPA, who it’s designated by and example

A

Marine Protected Area = protects areas of oceans and restricts human activities
- EU legislation
+ The Needles/Solan Bank Reefs

20
Q

meaning and role of MCZ, who its designated by and example

A

Marine Conservation Zone = protects important habitat/wildlife
- UK legislation
+ The Needles

21
Q

define the role of CITES

A

regulates international trade of endangered species and their products. It also reduces the demand and therefore profit of these products

22
Q

what is Appendix 1? and examples

A
  • species that are most endangered, threatened with extinction
  • trading banned except for breeding programmes
    + all big cats, all apes, all rhinos
23
Q

what is Appendix 2? and examples

A
  • species may be threatened with extinction if trade not controlled
  • trade allowed from countries where species is protected
    + green iguana, basking shark
24
Q

what does IWC stand for and what is the aim?

A

International Whaling Commission = control whaling to ensure sustainable exploitation

25
Q

Name 3 regulations of the IWC

A
  • total protection of some species
  • setting limits on how many taken
  • designated sanctuaries
  • protection of mothers/calves
  • carrying out research
26
Q

what does EU CFP stand for and what is the aim?

A

European Union Common Fisheries Policy = ensure sustainable harvesting of fish thru series of regulations in EU

27
Q

What does ITTO stand for and what is the aim?

A

International Tropical Timber Organisation = encourages sustainable management of tropical species

28
Q

Name at least 4 of the 6 criteria for selection of species for captive breeding

A
  • reproduce quickly
  • wide range of tolerance
  • low age of sexual maturity
  • small individuals
  • large no. of young
  • small gestation period
29
Q

define in-situ conservation

A
  • conserving wildlife in natural habitat

- protects community of species not just individual selected species

30
Q

define ex-situ conservation

A
  • conserving wildlife outside natural habitat

- used when conserving in habitat impossible or insufficient

31
Q

difficulties with captive breeding:

  1. too small ________ = possible _______ (i.e. bison)
  2. species too _____ or mobile (i.e. whales)
  3. specific ___ =difficult to provide (i.e. pandas)
  4. unable to recreate ______ conditions, _____ range of tolerance
  5. unable to keep large _____ (i.e. flamingos)
  6. ___ breeding success rate (i.e. pandas)
  7. interrelationships (i.e. plants with specific _________)
  8. financial constraints (i.e. expensive to house animals and ______ people)
A
  1. population, inbreeding
  2. large
  3. diet
  4. abiotic, narrow
  5. groups
  6. low
  7. pollinators
  8. employ
32
Q

define artificial insemination + benefits

A

semen obtained from male, inserted into female
+ egg more likely to be fertilised
+ semen can be stored for many years
+ semen transported to other zoos

33
Q

define embryo transfer + benefits

A

embryo collected from a female. Sperm injected into egg. Embryo implanted into another female.
+ closely related species surrogate mothers
+ more offspring produced
+ semen/embryos stored

34
Q

define provision of suitable abiotic factors + example

A

abiotic factors manipulated inorder to maximise success

+ temp controls gender of reptile. Control temp, control ratio of gender

35
Q

what is recreating pop. dynamics and conditions for breeding?

A
  • ensure right ratio to male: female
  • large habitat/size
  • using studbooks between zoos to monitor fam history, stops inbreeding
36
Q

define hard release

A
  • releasing organism with no post-release support
  • species which behaviour controlled by instinct, don’t need to learn new survival skills
    + insects, fish, reptiles
37
Q

define soft release

A
  • post release support. Gradual release, acclimatises.
    + birds
    + mammals
38
Q

how is the association with humans solved?

A

limit contact with humans

39
Q

the organism may not be immune to local diseases. How is this solved?

A

vaccinations

40
Q

there may be unsuitable age/gender ratio. How is that solved?

A

releasing enough so there are enough breeding pairs

41
Q

loss of original habitat/threat may still exist. How is that solved?

A

released in protected area, monitor them

42
Q

the organism may have lack of survival skills. How is that solved?

A

allow them to develop key skills in captivity i.e. not just giving food directly to them

Environmental science (19 decks)

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