methodology Flashcards
experimental hypothesis
there will be a difference
null hypothesis
there will be no difference
the 2 types of experimental hypothesis
one tailed
two tailed
aims
describe what the research is for
6 rules for writing a hypothesis
- must be written as a prediction of a future event
2.must use psychological terminology
3.experimental hypothesis must use the word significantly
4.the null hypothesis always finishes with ‘any difference will be due to chance factors’ - must be concise and clear
6.always make sure both IV and DV are operationalised
what word must experimental hypothesis use?
significantly
what must the null hypothesis finish with?
any difference will be due to chance factors
when is a bar chart most likely to be used?
to compare different catagorical data
when is a histogram most likely to be used?
used to summarise continuous data in a catagorical form
when is a scatter graph most likely to be used?
to show the relationship between different variables
when is a pie chart most likely to be used?
used when drawing a graph to display percentages
when is a line graph most likely to be used?
to display continuous data
used for when there is multiple sets of data being plotted on the same graph
how do you draw a frequency table?
- first column shows what is being arranged in ascending order. if there are too many data values or the range is high, a particular interval of data is chosen
- second column is where the tally is marked based on corresponding data
3.the third column is the frequency
median
the value that has as many scores above as below
mode
the most frequently occurring value
why is the mean the preferred average?
it makes use of all the scores and the total
it can be used in other, more advanced mathematical analyses such as calculating the standard deviation
central tendency
dispersion
tell us whether our scores are clustered closely around the mean or widely scattered
what are the most common measures of dispersion
the range
the standard deviation
variance (standard deviation squared)
what is standard deviation?
indicates the average of the distances of all of the scores around the mean
what is the formula for standard deviation?
look it up cause i can’t put images on here
how do you work out SD?
- work out the mean
- then for each number subtract the mean and square the result
3.then work out the mean for those squared differences
4.take the square root of that and we are done
variance
standard deviation squared
therefore it gives a magnified view of the spread of scores
allowing the researcher a clearer picture of the data
what properties does a distribution curve have?
mean median and mode all occur at the same point and have the same value (at the highest point, in the middle)
it is bell shaped and has the same shape either side of the mean, the pattern of scores is exactly the same above the mean as it is below
