Meteorology and Oceanography (week1 and 2) Flashcards
are crucial for safe navigation, especially
in stormy conditions or when planning sail adjustments
Wind speed and direction
Measures wind speed and direction. Includes a blade or vane that aligns with the wind direction,
combined with a rotating element to measure speed.
ANEMOMETERS
Measures atmospheric pressure.
BAROMETERS
Changes in _help predict weather patterns,
including the approach of storms or high-pressure systems
atmospheric pressure
Uses a column of mercury in a
glass tube; the height of the
mercury column reflects
atmospheric pressure
MERCURY BAROMETER
Uses a small, sealed metal chamber that
expands or contracts with pressure changes.
This movement is translated into pressure
readings by mechanical or electronic means
ANEROID BAROMETER
Uses electronic sensors to
measure pressure and display
the data digitally.
DIGITAL BAROMETER
Measures air temperature
THERMOMETER
are vital for assessing weather conditions and
making decisions related to safety and operational adjustments
Temperature readings
Contains mercury in a glass
tube that expands or contracts
with temperature changes
MERCURY THERMOMETER
Uses alcohol, which is colored for
visibility, to measure temperature
ALCOHOL THERMOMETER
Uses electronic sensors to
measure and display
temperature digitally
DIGITAL THERMOMETER
Measures humidity or moisture content in the air
HYGROMETERS
affect comfort, visibility, and can influence weather conditions
such as fog or precipitation
Humidity levels
Consists of two thermometers (wet-bulb and dry-
bulb). The difference in readings between the two
thermometers indicates humidity levels.
PSYCHROMETER
Measures the
temperature of the sea surface. This is important for
understanding sea conditions and weather patterns.
Sea Surface Temperature Sensors-
Measures the amount of precipitation.
Rain gauges collect and measure the volume of rain
that falls over a period
Rain Gauges-
Wind Speed and Direction- Essential for navigation and understanding weather patterns
Wind Speed and Direction-
Atmospheric Pressure- Helps predict weather changes and storm systems
Atmospheric Pressure-
Temperature- Provides information on current weather conditions and helps in forecasting
Temperature-
Affects weather conditions, visibility, and the potential for fog or precipitation
Humidity-
Tracks the amount and type of precipitation, which is crucial for weather
forecasting and safety.
Precipitation-
are essential for measuring wind speed and direction
Anemometers
on the other hand, measure atmospheric pressure
Barometers,
are used to measure both air and sea surface temperatures.
Thermometers
are devices that measure humidity levels
Hygrometers
are used to record precipitation amounts and visibility distance
Rain gauges and visibility sensors
Adhering to the is critical for proper operation, calibration, and
maintenance
manufacturer’s guidelines
Gain an understanding of the principles behind each type of
instrument and how they measure various weather parameters
Technical Knowledge-
Acquire hands-on experience with operating, calibrating, and
maintaining the instruments through training and on-the-job practice
Practical Experience-
Develop a meticulous approach to ensure all procedures are followed
accurately and all data is recorded correctly.
Attention to Detail-
provide key insights into current weather conditions.
Wind Speed and Direction
plays a significant role in weather prediction.
Atmospheric Pressure
are critical for understanding current weather and predicting changes.
Temperature readings
provide insights into potential weather conditions
Humidity levels
measurements, including rainfall, help assess current weather conditions and
predict potential flooding or other impacts.
Precipitation
are characterized by sudden drops in temperature, increased wind speeds, and
often precipitation.
Cold fronts
lead to gradual increases in temperature, accompanied by cloud
cover and steady precipitation as warmer air replaces cooler air
warm fronts
can result in prolonged weather patterns
Stationary fronts and occluded fronts
forms when a cold front overtakes a warm front, often causing
persistent and varied weather conditions
occluded front
are low-pressure systems that can bring severe weather, including strong winds,
heavy rainfall, and storm surges.
Cyclones
are high-pressure systems typically linked with clear skies
and stable weather conditions. They bring settled weather and generally prevent storm
formation
anticyclones
occur due to temperature differences between land
and sea, creating localized winds that affect weather patterns near coastal areas
Sea breezes
are also significant local phenomena, often arising from high humidity and changes in
temperature, which lead to reduced visibility and unique weather conditions.
Fog and mist
—which includes wind and wave
conditions—affects operational safety. Monitoring these factors helps in determining the safety of
activities such as loading and unloading cargo or embarking and disembarking passengers
sea state
Understanding weather patterns like storm surges and heavy rainfall helps predict
potential coastal erosion and flooding,
These forecasts include information on storm systems, wind speeds, sea states, and visibility conditions. are updated regularly and can be accessed through marine radio, satellite communication, and onboard weather systems.
weather forecasts
can detect precipitation and storm systems, helping seafarers identify areas of heavy rain, thunderstorms, or approaching squalls.
weather radar
can also display information about sea state and wave patterns
Modern radar system
to understand large-scale weather patterns. These charts help in predicting the movement of high and low- pressure systems and associated weather conditions.
weather charts (pressure and wind charts)
Observations of wave height and sea state are crucial. Mariners use reports and data on wave patterns to assess the severity of sea conditions. An increase in wave height and frequency can signal worsening weather.
sea state reports
Fog and low visibility conditions are detected through observations and visibility reports. Mariners use tools like range finders and visual checks to assess how far they can see and adjust their navigation accordingly.
visibility measures
This data helps seafarers understand current weather conditions and make timely decisions.
weather buoys and stations
