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First Semester (2nd Year) > CARGO HANDLING (PRELIM) > Flashcards

CARGO HANDLING (PRELIM) Flashcards

1
Q

Stronger variant of web lashing used for securing heavier RoRo
cargoes such as trailers, roll trailers, and truck vehicles; hence
their alternate names truck lashing / trailer lashing
Features: Uses elephant foot hooks, or slings at the ends
Securing Process: Tighten by hand as much as possible first before
using the ratchet
Typical Length: 3 meters
Maximum Securing Load (MSL): Between 5 and 6 tons

A

Roll Lashing

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2
Q

Considered to be the base form of all lashing material made from
synthetic fiber
Features: Equipped with hooks at both ends
Securing Process: Produced using a ratchet
Typical Length: Approximately 10 meters
Maximum Securing Load (MSL): About 2 tons (20 kN)

A

Web Lashing

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3
Q

Roll Lashing FEATURES

A

Uses -elephant foot hooks-, or -slings- at the ends

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4
Q

A lighter variant of web lashing used for securing delicate cargoes
such as luxury cars, vans or other light vehicles
Securing Process: Attach hooks to securing points, then tighten by
pulling the loose end. Close the handle after tightening
Typical Length: 3 meters
Maximum Securing Load (MSL): 1 ton (10 kN)

A

Car Lashing

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5
Q

For vehicles not equipped
with appropriate lashing
points, may be
used, typically by
attaching them to the rims
of the wheels.

A

Slings

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6
Q

Lashing to be used for the heaviest possible cargo load such as
heavy vehicles, machineries, project cargo, and steel products
Features: Uses elephant foot hooks
Securing Process: Achieved using a tensioning lever or
turnbuckle. May be used with the tensioning lever to increase
pre-tension
Typical Length: (varies from cargo to cargo)
Maximum Securing Load (MSL): 50% of MBL

A

Chain Lashing

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7
Q

Chain Lashing feature

A

uses elephant foot hooks

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8
Q

tensioning lever or

A

turnbuckle

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9
Q

used to lash cargo or vehicles to the
deck of a vessel in combination with a
shackle and lashing chain or can be
attached to a chain turnbuckle to
create a lashing system

A

elephant foot

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10
Q

To keep vehicles from moving,
Ideally, these should be positioned
under the vehicle’s unbraked axle

A

Chocks

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11
Q

are specifically used for
vehicles stored across the width of the
ship or on inclined ramps

A

Chocks

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12
Q

Used to distribute the
pressure of securing
equipment over a wider area

A

Corner Protectors

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13
Q

Used to prevent lashing
equipment (particularly web
lashings) from getting
damaged by sharp edges

A

Corner Protectors

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14
Q

highest load to
which cargo securing equipment may
safely be subjected

A

Maximum Securing Load (MSL):
Also referred to as Lashing
Capacity(LC

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15
Q

indicates the tested minimum breaking
strain of the equipment in unused
condition

A

Minimum Break Load (MBL)
Also referred to as Break Load (BL)

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16
Q

are sometimes
manufactured with stripes of thread
in contrasting colors, corresponding
to the MBL by one ton per stripe

A

Web lashings

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17
Q

It is “an adjustable device consisting of
three primary components: a body, a
right-hand threaded end fitting, and a
left-hand threaded end fitting”
(American, 2014)

A

Turnbuckles

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18
Q

a piece of hardware used to eliminate
slack and adjust tension in a rope,
cable, or other tensioning system

A

Turnbuckles

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19
Q

also known as pipe bodies—encase
the threads in a closed frame to
create a slimmer profile that fits in
tighter spaces

A

Closed body turnbuckles

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20
Q

more traditional type where the
threads are visible through the
body frame

A

Open body turnbuckle

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21
Q

is used to create temporary connections
and are easy to quickly connect and disconnect.
should never be used in connections where tension could
unexpectedly release

A

Hook end

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22
Q

consists of a jaw and bolt secured together by a nut or a
pin.

A

Jaw end

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23
Q

used to connect to components that cannot be opened,
such as an eye bolt

A

Jaw end

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24
Q

a closed loop that can be connected to a shackle or quick
link

A

Eye end

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25
Q

secure onto the end walls of containers and are used with securing turn buckles

A

lashing rod

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26
Q

Used together with turnbuckles to provide tension to container lashings

A

Lashing Bars

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27
Q

Swivel head of a lashing bar fits perfectly into the hole of a container ___
while the other end is attached to the appropriate turnbuckle

A

corner casting (lashing bars)

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28
Q

Has different lengths for different purposes and in accordance to a vessel’s ___

A

Cargo
Securing Manual (lashing bars)

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29
Q

Knob lashing bar which should be used with a

A

knob turnbuckle

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30
Q

eye/swivel
head lashing bar which should be used with a

A

jaw/hook turnbuckle.

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31
Q

a mechanical fastener used to
lock a container in place

A

Twistlocks

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32
Q

manufactured from high-
quality galvanized steel to
protect it from weather and
corrosion

A

Twistlocks

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33
Q

Three main types of twistlocks

A

Base Locks (manual)
(Semi-) Automatic Locks
Mid-locks

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34
Q

placed between containers in
a stack

A

Mid-locks

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35
Q

Secures container cargo from
horizontal & separation forces

A

Mid-locks

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36
Q

together with twistlocks (semi-
automatic or fully-automatic)
on deck at mid-bay between
20-foot containers in 40-foot
bays

A

Mid-locks

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37
Q

mainly used in the hold of the
cargo ship and do not lock
containers together

A

Stacking Cones

38
Q

Stacking Cones fit perfectly into the holes of
the

A

containers’ corner casting

39
Q

specially made to align
stacked containers on a ship
and prevent them from falling

A

Stacking Cones

40
Q

used to connect a shipping container to
different modes of transport (ship, rail, road,
etc.) or to other shipping containers

A

Corner Castings

41
Q

three-holed blocks of Corten steel which form
the corners of all __

A

ISO shipping containers

42
Q

have holes in them which have been
standardised to a tolerance of mere
millimetres

A

Corner Castings

43
Q

ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 (SOLAS)
CHAPTER VI,
CARGOES, OTHER THAN SOLID AND LIQUID BULK
CARGOES, SHALL BE LOADED, STOWED AND SECURED
THROUGHOUT THE VOYAGE IN ACCORDANCE WITH?

A

THE CARGO SECURING MANUAL

44
Q

ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 (SOLAS)
CHAPTER VI,
WHO SHALL APPROVE YOUR ANSWER IN NUMBER 1?

A

APPROVED BY THE ADMINISTRATION

45
Q

ACCORDING TO THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION
FOR THE SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA, 1974 (SOLAS)
CHAPTER I/2,
DEFINE WHAT/WHO YOUR ANSWER IN NUMBER 2 IS?

A

“ADMINISTRATION” MEANS THE GOVERNMENT OF
THE STATE WHOSE FLAG THE SHIP IS ENTITLED TO FLY
(FLAG STATE)

46
Q

An international nongovernmental
organization made up of national
standards bodies that develop
and publish a wide range of
proprietary, industrial, and
commercial standards.

A

International
Organization for
Standardization
(ISO)

47
Q

establishes a classification freight
containers based on external
dimensions, and specifies the
associated ratings and, where
appropriate summarizes the minimum
internal and door opening dimensions

A

ISO 668:2020 SERIES 1 FREIGHT CONTAINERS —
CLASSIFICATION, DIMENSIONS
AND RATINGS (EDITION 7, 2020)

48
Q

provides a system for the
identification and presentation of
information about freight containers

A

ISO 6346:2022
FREIGHT CONTAINERS — CODING,
IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING
(EDITION 4, 2022)

49
Q

is intended for general application, for
example in documentation, control
and communications (including
automatic data processing systems),
as well as for display on the containers
themselves

A

ISO 6346:2022
FREIGHT CONTAINERS — CODING,
IDENTIFICATION AND MARKING
(EDITION 4, 2022)

50
Q
  • consists of three capital letters of
    the Latin alphabet to indicate the
    owner or principal operator of
    the container
A

Owner Code

51
Q

for all freight containers

A

U

52
Q

for detachable freight
container-related equipment

A

J

53
Q

for trailers and chassis

A

Z

54
Q
  • consists of 6 numeric digits,
    assigned by the owner or
    operator, uniquely identifying the
    container within that
    owner/operator’s fleet
A

Serial Number

55
Q
  • consists of one numeric digit
    providing a means of validating
    the recording and transmission
    accuracy of the owner code and
    serial number
A

Check Digit

56
Q

establishes the basic dimensions and
the functional and strength
requirements of corner and
intermediate fittings for series 1
freight containers, i.e. containers
which conform to ISO 668 and ISO
1496

A

ISO 1161:2016
SERIES 1 FREIGHT CONTAINERS —
CORNER AND INTERMEDIATE
FITTINGS — SPECIFICATIONS

57
Q

specifies the basic specifications and
testing requirements for ISO series 1
freight containers of the totally
enclosed general purpose types and
certain specific purpose types (closed,
vented, ventilated or open top) which
are suitable for international exchange
and for conveyance by road, rail and
sea, including interchange between
these forms of transport

A

ISO 1496-1:2013
SERIES 1 FREIGHT CONTAINERS —
SPECIFICATION AND TESTING
(EDITION 6, 2013)

58
Q

design of
securing methods:

A

blocking,
lashing, and combinations

59
Q

the standard for securing the
cargo
* applicable to the design of
securing methods: blocking,
lashing, and combinations
* specifically for securing of loads
for surface transport by road
vehicles or parts of them
including their transport on
vessels or by rail and/or
combinations thereof

A

EN 12195-1:2021 part 1

60
Q

defines safety requirements for
web lashing made from man-
made fibers with flat woven
webbings for multiple use and of
lashing combinations with woven
webbings for the safe surface
transport of goods
* standard that defines methods
for testing of web lashings
* provides information on hazards
which could occur while dealing
with web lashings

A

EN 12195-2:2001 part 2

61
Q

specifies safety requirements for
lashing chains and lashing
combinations with chain for the
safe surface transport of goods
* includes only tensioning devices
to be hand driven with a
maximum hand force of 500 N
* provides information on hazards
which could occur when lashing
chains are in use as intended and
under conditions foreseen by the
manufacturer

A

EN 12195-2:2001 part 3

62
Q

specifies safety requirements for
lashing steel wire ropes and flat
lashing steel wire ropes for the
safe surface transport of loads
* stipulates procedures for testing
lashing steel wire ropes and flat
lashing steel wire ropes
* provides information on hazards
which could occur when lashing
steel wire ropes and flat lashing
steel wire ropes are in use as
intended and under conditions
foreseen by the manufacturer

A

EN 12195-2:2001 part 4

63
Q

EUROPEAN STANDARD FOR
LASHING

A

EN 12 195-2 STANDARD

64
Q

(CSC)

A

International Convention for Safe
Containers

65
Q

CSS Code

A

code of safe practice for cargo stowage and securing

66
Q

CSM

A

cargo securing manual

67
Q

SOLAS

A

International Convention for the safety of life at sea 1974

68
Q

The trend towards containerization of
maritime cargo has accelerated significantly

A

1960’s

69
Q

IMO initiated a thorough investigation into
container shipping safety

A

1967

70
Q

Along with the Economic Commission for
Europe, IMO developed a draft convention

A

1972

71
Q

Latest SOLAS convention, as we all now know
today, was enacted

A

1974

72
Q

International Convention for Safe Containers
entered into force(6 September

A

1977

73
Q

Convention for Safe Containers
has two goals:
⚬ Protect human life in container
transport and handling by
implementing robust testing
protocols and stringent strength
requirements
⚬ Promote seamless international
container shipping by establishing
consistent safety standards across
all modes of surface transportation

A

1972

74
Q

covers structural safety
requirements and tests, including
details of test procedures

A

Annex II

75
Q

includes Regulations for the
testing, inspection, approval, and
maintenance of containers

A

Annex I

76
Q

Countries that have adopted
the CSC convention are
known as ____
and their Governments are
known as ___

A

Contracting Parties, Administrations

77
Q

Administrations normally
entrust testing, inspection
and approval to authorized
organizations, such as

A

Classification Societies

78
Q

an international standard for the safe stowage and securing of cargoes to
promote the safety of life both at sea, and during loading and discharge
* it ensures that the ship is suitable for its intended (cargo)purpose and is
equipped with proper cargo securing means

A

CODE OF SAFE PRACTICE FOR
CARGO STOWAGE AND SECURING
(CSS CODE) 2021 Edition

79
Q

it provides general advice concerning the proper stowage and securing of
cargoes to minimize the risks to the ship and personnel while also
providing specific advice on those cargoes which are known to create
difficulties and hazards with regard to their stowage and securing
* it also advises on actions which may be taken in heavy sea conditions and
to remedy the effects of cargo shifting

A
80
Q

The safe stowage and securing of
cargoes depend on

A

proper planning,
execution and supervision

81
Q

___ the cargo
stowage and securing should be
properly qualified and experienced,
and the _____
should have a sound practical
knowledge of the application and
content of the Cargo Securing
Manual

A

Personnel handling , personnel supervising

82
Q

it guides
personnels on how cargo units to be loaded onboard
shall be secured to the vessel’s deck to prevent cargo
shifting

A

CARGO SECURING MANUAL
(CSM)

83
Q

a common reference for ship’s Cargo Officers - Chief
Officer, it is a manual that provides guidance about
the Stowage and securing of the cargo on board

A

CARGO SECURING MANUAL
(CSM)

84
Q

Contents of a Cargo Securing Manual:
General

A

Ships Data
* Definitions
* General information
* Principal sources of danger

85
Q

Securing Devices and Arrangements

A
  • Specification of Fixed Cargo Securing devices
  • Specification of Portable Cargo Securing devices
  • Inspection and Maintenance Schemes
86
Q

All Fixed Cargo Securing Devices for cargo securing
shall be listed within the

A

CSM

87
Q

Only portable equipment that is described in the
__ is allowed to be used for cargo securing

A

CSM

88
Q

All __ used onboard
shall be listed, for example, web or chain lashings,
turnbuckles, twistlocks, etc

A

Portable Cargo Securing Equipment

89
Q

means “accepted unless objected”

A

tacit acceptance

90
Q

tacit acceptance opposite of earlier process of

A

“rejected
unless accepted

91
Q
A

First Semester (2nd Year) (14 decks)

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