Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Semester (2nd Year) > CARGO (FINALS) > Flashcards

CARGO (FINALS) Flashcards

1
Q

have bronze oil impregnated thrust bearing with stainless
steel hinge pins

A

Hinges (Watertight Door)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

secure door create watertight seal with evenly distributed
pressure on compression gasket

A

Handles (Watertight Door)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

are designed to completely block water flow in both directions, even when under significant water pressure from either side.

A

Watertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

while also designed to resist water intrusion, are primarily meant to withstand brief periods of submersion and harsh weather conditions

A

Weathertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

They’re built to withstand prolonged submersion and are typically found below the waterline in areas like shaft tunnels, ballast tanks, and bow thruster compartments

A

Watertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

They’re located above the waterline and protect against external
elements like wind, rain, and spray

A

Weathertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

are designed to block water from both sides, protecting the
ship’s compartments.

A

Watertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

They are typically found below deck and may operate
automatically or manually, opening and closing upwards or sideways.

A

Watertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ships that have watertight doors.

A

Many car
carriers and roll-on/roll-off

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Regulations require a system to remotely monitor the status
of these doors.

A

Watertight doors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

can be breached through any activity or happening that allows the ingress of water in unwanted areas or compartments of the vessel.

A

Watertight integrity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Watertight integrity can be breached through any activity
or happening that allows the ingress of water in unwanted
areas or compartments of the vessel.
* Lack of maintenance to

A

rubber seals, screw threads
and other locking devices

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

are manually operated devices that lock into a latching
system on the door frame. Once activated, they firmly secure
the door, preventing it from opening under pressure.

A

Dog Levers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

For heightened security, dog levers are often used in tandem with

A

wedges.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

are small, tapered pieces that fit into slots on the door frame, physically preventing the door from opening.

A

Wedges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

They offer extra security, particularly in vital areas like engine rooms and watertight bulkheads.

A

Wedges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Since dog levers are what firmly secure the door,
regularly being used to close and open it, these _
easily get chipped off of paint - exposing it to
weathering

A

arms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

are the door’s physical piece that choke the dog lever’s arm to the door seal,

A

wedges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

are also susceptible to chipping and therefore exposure to weathering which in tur tendencies to corrosion

A

wedges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

To ensure the optimal functioning of door dog levers,
implement the following maintenance practices:

A
  1. Visual Inspection: for signs of wear and tear, damage
    or corrosion. Check for and tighten any loose parts.
  2. Functional Testing: to confirm the smooth operation of
    the lever handle which securely locks the door in place
  3. Cleaning: of the lever and surrounding area to remove
    any corrosion, salt deposits, or other contaminants.
    4.Lubrication: of the lever’s moving parts and latching
    mechanisms with moderate amount of lubricant
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

need to possess the greatest resilience to pressure.

A

levers and
hinges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The ship’s planned maintenance system must be followed
for carrying out routine inspection and maintenance on
watertight doors which should include the correct
functioning of the whole system - including its

A

dog levers
hinges,
rubber
seals,
electric/hydraulic
systems (if
applicable), and
monitoring
panels (which
includes
warning devices and alarms)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

are specialized hinges typically constructed from high-quality materials durably resisting corrosion.

A

Watertight door hinges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

It is designed to withstand high pressure and prevent water
leakage, ensuring the integrity of watertight compartments on ships and other marine structures.

A

Watertight door hinges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

These _ are often heavier and
feature a sealed design to prevent water ingress and
maintain their functionality under extreme pressure.

A

robust hinges

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

TO ensure the optimal functioning of door hinges,
implement the following maintenance practices:

A
  1. Visual Inspection for signs of wear and tear, damage
    or corrosion. Check for and tighten any loose parts.
  2. Functional Testing to confirm the smooth operation of
    the hinges. Listen to creaking sound.
    3.Cleaning of hinge’s excess deposit of salt, grime and
    dirt which may cause undue stress to its parts.
    4.Lubrication of the hinge’s axels with moderate amount
    of lubricant or grease. Less is more.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

The pressure being handled by levers and hinges has to
be met by the water tight boundary’s

A

rubber
seals/gaskets.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

The weakest point of a watertight or weathertight
door/hatch/porthole is often the

A

seal around it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

This is where the watertight or weathertight seal is located. making it a crucial area for regular inspection, maintenance, and repair.

A

Damaged Rubber Gasket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Because of its relative difference in material, _ deteriorate faster than the steel construction of watertight
or weathertight door/hatch/porthole. Causes for its deterioration vary, but the most common would be wear and tear due to constant use.

A

rubber seals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

To prevent these damages or prolong the service span of
your rubber gaskets ensuring your vessel’s watertight
integrity,

A

regularly apply industrial petroleum jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

a specialized product designed to endure extreme temperatures, making it suitable for applications exposed
to demanding environments. Its moisture-repelling nature prevents rust and corrosion while simultaneously protecting the rubber seal’s surface. Finally, its stability ensures long-lasting
performance, even in harsh conditions.

A

industrial petroleum jelly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Rubber Gasket maintenance

A
  • Keep gaskets clean and free from paint and rust.
  • Lubricate gasket with industrial petroleum jelly.
  • Replace the door gasket when it becomes hardened,
    cracked, permanently grooved or when pieces are
    missing or not meeting. Do not splice a section in;
    replace the entire gasket.
  • When replacing the gasket, the gasket joint should be
    on the top of the door. Cut a 45-degree angle where
    the ends meets so they overlap about one inch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

To ensure effectivity of
rubber seals, follow
these maintenance
practices:

A
  1. Visual Inspection for
    signs of wear and
    tear, damage or cuts
  2. Cleaning off of old
    industrial petroleum
    jelly
  3. Application of
    protective coating
    such as industrial
    petroleum jelly on
    the rubber
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Testing forwater- tightness integrity could
be:

A
  • chalk test
  • hose test
  • ultrasonic testing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

is a quick and easy method to assess the seal of hatch
covers and is a standard part of scheduled or planned
maintenance.

A

chalk test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

may not be suffice especially for sensitive or high-
value cargo. Additional checks and inspections
may be necessary to guarantee the hatch
cover’s integrity.

A

chalk test alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Procedure on Hatch Cover Chalk Testing

A

When performing a chalk test. The top edge of every
compression bar is covered with chalk.
Hatches are then fully closed and reopened. The rubber
packing is examined for a chalk mark, which should be run
continuously along the packings centre. Gaps in the chalk mark
indicate lack of compression. Chalk testing merely indicates the
if hatch is aligned and compression achieved. It will show
whether compression bar is adequate and therefore it is not a
test for weathertightness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

involves spraying pressurized water onto a closed hatch cover to identify any leakages. While this method is plain and
simple, its accuracy can be limited by factors like weather conditions and the availability of an empty hold.

A

hose test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

is a reliable and efficient alternative to verifying
the watertight integrity of a vessel. This method utilizes high-frequency sound waves to detect any gaps or damage in
hatch cover seals.

A

Ultrasonic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

provides precise and quantitative
results.

A

Ultrasonic testing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

will keep watertight boundaries such as doors watertight and ensure smooth, easy operation.

A

Periodic inspection and maintenance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

All the
materials for routine maintenance should be found in
_, and equipment used for these maintenance
routines should be thoroughly compiled, accounted for,
and replenished to ensure continuous supply onboard
ships.

A

ships stores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

is the most exposed part of the vessel’s hull that
also forms as a watertight boundary of the vessel that
keeps the water out.

A

Deck

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Along with the deck on top, _ forms the vessel’s
hull and contributes to the vessel’s structure through its
plates.

A

side shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Completing the vessel’s watertight integrity,
_ proceeds further below the waterline,
enveloping the whole vessel until it reaches the side shell
plates on the other side and back up to the deck on top.

A

bottom shell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

plates, also known as _ rest longitudinally and
are further named based on part of the vessel where it is
located.

A

strakes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Decks and shell plating watertight integrity can be
compromised through a _
- a structural or
mechanical issue in a boat or ship that can lead to flooding

A

breached hull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Some causes of a breached hull include:

A
  • Debris or logs(timber) submerged just below the
    surface
  • Structural failure in older models
  • Fracture due to overload
  • Collision, contact, or grounding
  • Corrosion
  • Biological fouling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

is the accumulation of microorganisms, plants,
algae, and small animals on marine vessel surfaces.

A

Biofouling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q
  • Increases ship’s drag, reducing its speed and fuel
    efficiency. This increased drag can reduce the ship’s
    speed by up to 10%, necessitating a 40% increase in
    fuel consumption to compensate.
  • Compromises the integrity of the hull structure and
    propulsion systems by trapping seawater in the gaps
    between their shell and the metal surface, accelerating
    the corrosion process
A

Biofouling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

are used to coat the underwater
surfaces of ships with copper and other biocide
compounds to prevent sea life such as algae and mollusks
attaching themselves to the hull.

A

Anti-fouling paints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Frequently used as part
of multilayer coatings that offer additional benefits
beyond preventing marine growth, these coatings further
protect metal hulls from corrosion and improve the ship’s
hydrodynamic performance.

A

Anti-fouling paints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

While historically copper-
based paints were_, modern formulations may vary in
color.

A

red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

is the process of removing marine organisms and other substances that accumulate on a ship’s underwater hull typically
done by divers or remotely operated vehicles or “ROVs” using
various techniques like mechanical scraping, high-pressure
water jets, or specialized cleaning solutions.

A

Hull Cleaning

56
Q

Hull Cleaning Methods
may be one
or
combination
of
following:

A
  • Manual scraping for
    small crafts
  • High-pressure water
    jetting for hard-to-
    reach areas
  • Power-rotary brush
    cleaning
    systems
    equipment to clean
    larger hulled vessels
57
Q

are
underwater robots
controlled from the
surface which are
increasingly used for
hull cleaning nowadays
due to their numerous
advantages:

A

Remotely Operated
Vehicles (ROVs)

58
Q

Remotely Operated
Vehicles (ROVs) advantages:

A

Safety
Efficiency
Precision
Environmental
Friendliness
Cost-Effectiveness

59
Q

This technological shift not only improves safety by eliminating the need for divers out also
prolongs the lifespan of the anti-fouling, ensuring more efficient hull maintenance. ROVs are
not only more effective and robust but also capable or operating in adverse weather
conditions.

A

ROV Technology

60
Q

can operate simultaneous v with cargo
operations, allowing the vessel to set sail with
clean hull as soon as the cargo operations
are complete. This ultimate v reduces fuel

A

ROVs

61
Q

is the gradual deterioration of materials,
typically metals like steel/iron, due to chemical reactions
with their environment.

A

Corrosion

62
Q

It’s a natural process that occurs
when a metal reacts with substances like _. This reaction often results in the formation of oxides
or other compounds, which can weaken the metal and
lead to structural failure.

A

Corrosion. oxygen, water, or
acids

63
Q

Several environmental factors
can accelerate the corrosion process:

A

Moisture, Oxygen,
Temperature, Electrolytes

64
Q

Metals corrode more quickly in humid environments due
to the reaction between

A

moisture-saturated air, oxygen,
and the metal’s surface.

65
Q

occurs when dry gases such as
oxygen, often at high temperatures, react with metals.

A

Chemical corrosion

66
Q

Due to diffusion rates controlled by temperature, metals
like _ corrode faster at higher temperatures.

A

steel

67
Q

When two dissimilar metals are in contact, moisture can
collect at the junction point and act as an _. This
can lead to _

A

electrolyte. rapid corrosion.

68
Q

Corrosion Types:

A
  • Uniform Corrosion
  • Pitting Corrosion
  • Crevice Corrosion
  • Galvanic Corrosion
  • Microbial Corrosion
  • Fretting Corrosion
  • Intergranular Corrosion
  • Erosion Corrosion
  • High Temperature Corrosion
  • Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC)
69
Q

is the most common type of corrosion as it occurs evenly over the entire surface of a metal. metal. This happens when the metal lacks a protective coating, making it vulnerable to corrosive substances. Continuous exposure will result in a gradual loss of material thickness, and eventual structural failure

A

Uniform Corrosion

70
Q

while predictable, can significantly impact a vessel’s
structural integrity if not managed.

A

Uniform Corrosion

71
Q

Here are some common
areas
on
vessels
susceptible to this type
of corrosion: Uniform Corrosion

A
  • Piping system
  • Hull Plates
  • Cargo Hold Tanks
  • Deck Plating
72
Q

is localized type corrosion that forms small pits or holes on the metal surface and of can grow deeper into the metal, weakening its structure. This type of corrosion is particularly dangerous because it can cause significant damage to the metal’s
interior while only affecting a small area on the surface.

A

Pitting Corrosion

73
Q

is often found in the plating or in horizontal surfaces such as shell plates and ballast tanks. This corrosion can also
be caused by bumps, dents, or scratches which peeled off the metal’s protective coating which eventually turn into corroded hole on that localized area.

A

Pitting Corrosion

74
Q

occurs locallv in spaces such as gaps between metallic components or between metal and non- metal materials. These
areas trap corrosive fluids, creating oxygen imbalance which leads to acidification of the fluid within the crevice. This in
turn breaks down the protective oxide layer on the metal
surface.

A

Crevice Corrosion

75
Q

is a significant concern in many industries, particularly in
those involving metal vessels and piping
systems.

A

Crevice Corrosion

76
Q

Common on areas
vessels prone to crevice
corrosion include:

A
  • Bolted and Riveted
    Joints
  • Gaskets and Seals
  • Lap Joints
  • Fastener Threads
77
Q

is a type of corrosion that occurs when micro organisms,
such as bacteria, fungi,and algae, grow on metal
surfaces and accelerate corrosion. These micro organisms
can even consume oil and excrete acids that corrode
storage vessels which makes this a major issue
in maritime shipping, oil and gas industries.

A

Microbial Corrosion

78
Q

Microbial Corrosion on vessels susceptible
in are these areas:

A
  • Stern Tube that runs through the stern of a ship and supports
    the propeller shaft
  • Pipework including sewage pipes, tank pipes, ballast, and
    fuel/oil pipes
  • Tanks which include bilge, ballast, fuel, oil, and cargo tanks
79
Q

occurs when two different metals are in contact with each other
in a corrosive setting. The active metal (anode) undergoes
corrosion at a faster rate than the other metal (cathode) which is
more stable. It can also happen in industrial settings with varying metal concentrations.

A

Galvanic Corrosion

80
Q

Galvanic Corrosion Vessel areas prone to galvanic corrosion:

A
  • Superstructure with differing metal parts, such as steel and bronze fittings.
  • Propeller, propeller shaft. and rudder where dissimilar
    metals are in close proximity
  • Deck Fixtures and fittings made of different metals.
81
Q

Simple galvanic
corrosive table (active(anode) upper, noble (cathode) lower)

A

Magnesium
Zinc
Aluminum
Steel or Iron
Nickel
Brass
Copper
Bronze
Stainless Steel (304)
Silver
Graphite
Titanium
Gold

82
Q

are grouped based on the type of inspection it can be

A

Corrosion/Corrosion Groups. group 1,2,3

83
Q

corrosion identifiable by visual inspection

A

Group I ( uniform corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, galvanic corrosion)

84
Q

corrosion identifiable with special inspection tools

A

Group Il ( erosion, cavitation, fretting, intergranular)

85
Q

corrosion identifiable by microscopic exams

A

Group Ill ( exfoliation, de - alloying, stress corrosion cracking, corrosion fatigue )

86
Q

_ is a Filipino term that directly translates
to

A

Katok Kalawang - knock off rust”.

87
Q

It refers to the process of manually
removing rust or corrosion from a metal surface, typically
using tools like _

A

Katok Kalawang - knock off rust”. hammers, chisels, or wire brushes.

88
Q

This is
a common job order in ship maintenance wherein a vessel
deck is the most susceptible to corrosion effects.
Essentially, it’s a hands-on approach to preparing a metal
surface for further treatment. such
as painting or
applying protective coatings. By removing rust, you can
prevent further corrosion and improve the durability of
the metal.

A

Katok Kalawang - knock off rust”.

89
Q

Used to chip awav
larger pieces of rust.

A

Chisels:

90
Q

Used for more
aggressive removal of heavy rust
land corrosion.

A

Sandblasters:

91
Q

Used to scrub off
loose rust and scale.

A

Wire brushes:

92
Q

Used for application
of protective coating

A

Paintbrush:

93
Q

corrosion maintenance

A
  • Apply a protective coating
  • Apply a coating to the deck to protect it from seawater
    and everyday wear and tear. A chlorinated, alkali
    rubber coating is a good choice.
  • Wash the deck regularly
  • After each trip, wash the entire vessel with soap and
    freshwater, especially metal components like railings
    and hinges.
  • Waterproof insulation around electrical circuits can
    help prevent corrosion in sensitive areas.
  • Insulate electrical circuits
94
Q

is a quick and easy way
to spot surface flaws on a ship’s hull. By simply looking at
the visible parts of the ship, inspectors can identify issues
such as

A

General Visual Inspection (GVI).
Paint problems: flaking, loose paint, or foreign substances
Metal corrosion: rust
Marine growth: biofouling

95
Q

is not a comprehensive inspection. It’s just a
starting point to identify potential problems. More
detailed examinations are needed to assess the severity
of biofouling, corrosion, and hidden damage.

A

General Visual Inspection (GVI).

96
Q

is a detailed examination
of a ship’s hidden areas. This specialized inspection uses
specialized tools to identify tiny defects that are invisible
to the naked eye. With its purpose of finding potential
problems early, before they become more serious and
visible during a regular inspection, it is often the only
way to detect subtle issues like hairline cracks or
repaired welds

A

Close Visual Inspection (CVI)

97
Q

are two different types of inspection methods that
ship operators can use to identify the potential risks and
damages on the hulls of their ships

A

General visual inspection (GVI) and close visual inspection
(CVI)

98
Q

Common damage or
defects that may occur
in dry cargo holds

A

*Structural Damage
Corrosion
Buckling
Fractures
*Cargo Damage
Cargo liquefaction
Cargo shifting
Contamination
*Other Damages
Stevedore Damage
Weather Damage
Fire Damage

99
Q

is the deformation of the plating due to
excessive load or pressure. When steel is squeezed or
compressed, it can suddenly bend sideways, a process
known as _. This isn’t unique to steel; any long,
thin structure, regardless of the material, can buckle,
which, with a small increase in pressure can quickly lead
to a complete and disastrous failure of the structure

A

Buckling

100
Q

Areas of a vessel that are particularly susceptible to
buckling are those that experience significant
compressive stress, especially in combination with other
stresses like bending or torsion. Here are some key
areas:

A

Hull and Plates
Cargo Holds
Deck Structure
Superstructure

101
Q

structural damage - buckling - hull and plates

A

Longitudinal Frame Members: Transverse Frame Members: Shell Plating

102
Q

These structural
elements, such as girders and pillars, can buckle
under compressive loads, especially in areas of high
stress concentration

A

Longitudinal Frame Members:

103
Q

Bulkheads and frames
can also buckle, particularly when subjected to lateral
pressure or uneven loading

A

Transverse Frame Members:

104
Q

The outer skin of the hull, especially in
areas with large unsupported panels or sharp
corners

A

Shell Plating:

105
Q

structural damage - buckling - Cargo Holds

A

Bulkhead Panels, Tank Top Plating

106
Q

Large, flat panels separating cargo
holds can buckle under high pressure or impact
loads

A

Bulkhead Panels:

107
Q

The bottom of the cargo hold can
buckle due to excessive weight or uneven loading

A

Tank Top Plating:

108
Q

structural damage - buckling - Deck Structures

A

Hatch Covers, Deck Plating

109
Q

Large, flat panels can buckle under
heavy loads or uneven pressure distribution.

A

Hatch Covers:

110
Q

Areas with large, unsupported panels
subjected to concentrated loads

A

Deck Plating:

111
Q

structural damage - buckling - Superstructures

A

Side Shells: Deck Plating

112
Q

The vertical
walls of superstructures can
buckle under lateral
pressure or impact loads

A

Side Shells:

113
Q

Similar to the
main deck, areas with large,
unsupported panels or those
subjected to concentrated
loads

A

Deck Plating:

114
Q

is the process of weakening of the steel in a
structure due to constant flexing, under the repeated
cycles of stress

A

Metal fatigue

115
Q

In materials science and engineering, the
term _ describes the number of cycles of loading
and unloading that a material can withstand before it
fails

A

fatigue life

116
Q

How Metal Fatigue Occurs?

A
  1. Crack Initiation: cracks begin to form at points of
    stress concentration, such as notches, holes, or
    surface irregularities (intensely corroded parts)
  2. Crack Propagation: These cracks gradually grow
    with each cycle of loading and unloading.
  3. Final Failure: Eventually, the crack grows large
    enough to cause the material to fail completely
117
Q

is the separation of a material into two or
more parts under the action of stress. It can be classified
into two main types

A

Fractures. Ductile Fracture and Brittle Fracture

118
Q

Characterized by significant
deformation before failure (such as buckling). The
material stretches and necks down before breaking

A

Ductile Fracture:

119
Q

Occurs suddenly without significant
plastic deformation. The material fails abruptly.

A

Brittle Fracture:

120
Q

The longitudinal bend causes an axial force on
the upper deck that may cause _ at the
locations where the stress is concentrated

A

cracking of the
deck plate

121
Q

Various metal fittings on the upper deck can
induce concentrations of stress and potential weld defects. Particular attention should be paid to areas surrounding the _ as
these areas are prone to developing cracks.

A

manholes, hatch
coamings, deck houses,
crane post foundations,
and bulwark stays

122
Q

while not a primary structural member, is also subject
to the ship’s bending stresses. Imperfections in welds and fittings at these locations can potentially progress into
cracks and can escalate to larger fractures compromising the ship’s structural integrity.

A

Hatch coamings,

123
Q

The large cargo hatchway openings reduce the torsional
strength of the hull and invite concentration of stress at their corners on the upper deck. In this regard, _ is one of the
focal points for cracking.

A

upper deck
plating at hatchway
corners

124
Q

connected to water ballast, fuel oil tanks, and enclosed
spaces below deck are susceptible to corrosion. Water intrusion could lead to cargo damage, cargo shifting, fuel
contamination, and potential stability issues
if these components fail

A

Ventilation and piping
systems

125
Q

bilge well water accumulation can corrode the junction
between bulkheads and decks. This stagnant water can corrode the bulkheads separating the store from the first
cargo hold and can lead to water ingress, cargo
damage, cargo shifting, and potential stability issues.

A

Forecastle spaces

126
Q

In cargo holds, _ are apt to be damaged by cargo handling
operations

A

tanktop plating and side shell
structures

127
Q

is a phenomenon in which a soil-like
material is abruptly transformed from a solid dry state to
an almost fluid state. Many common bulk cargoes, such
as iron ore fines, nickel ore and various mineral
concentrates, are examples of materials that may liquefy.
If liquefaction occurs on board a vessel, the stability will
be reduced due to the free surface effect and cargo shift,
possibly resulting in capsizing of the vessel.

A

Cargo liquefaction

128
Q

can lead to direct damage to the cargo and
indirectly compromise vessel structural integrity.
Displaced cargo might obstruct escape routes or loosen
other cargo. Damaged cargo could release hazardous
substances, potentially causing injury or fire. Additionally,
shifting cargo can damage the ship’s internal structure
or even breach the hull or tanks

A

Cargo shift

129
Q

accidental mixing of different
types of cargo, leading to quality degradation and
potential safety hazards such as fire. Another instance
would be if cargo of corrosive substances got mixed with
other cargo, it can inadvertently accelerate the corrosion
of the ship’s structure, especially in areas with high
humidity or temperature fluctuations.

A

Cargo contamination

130
Q

during cargo operations, particularly when heavy equipment like grabs or payloaders make contact with the ship’s
structure, may often damage the ships. Local
overloading, where corners are loaded in ways not
approved by the classification society or loading manual,
can lead to cracking of deck plating at hatch covers and
backing plates between hatchways.

A

Stevedore damage and improper cargo handling

131
Q

According to IMO Resolution A.741(18), what is the purpose of the International Safety Management(ISM) Code?

A

to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention.

132
Q

When was the International Safety Management(ISM) Code made mandatory and entered into force?

A

July 1, 1998

133
Q

What is the title of the new chapter in the SOLAS introduced by this amendment?

A

Chapter IX title is “Management for the safe operation of ships

134
Q

Before entering an empty ballast tank for structural membrane inspection, what permit should be filled up first in relation to the task/job to be carried out?

A

Enclosed Space Entry Permit

135
Q

Before carrying out a transverse bulkhead derusting/repainting, what permit should be filled up first in relation to the task/job to be carried out?

A

Cold Work Permit

136
Q

Apart from these two high risk jobs/tasks, name another permit that should be filled up first in relation to metal cutting, fabrication and welding

A

Hot Work Permit

First Semester (2nd Year) (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions