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AVIA 203 - FM2A > Meteorology 2 > Flashcards

Meteorology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Station Pressure

A

Weight of column of air lying above an airport

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2
Q

Altimeter Setting

A
  • Station pressure + weight of column of air between ground and sea level
  • Weight of imaginary column of air calculated using ICAO standard atmosphere
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2
Q

Mean Sea Level Pressure

A
  • Station pressure + weight of column of air between ground and sea level
  • Weight of imaginary column of air calculated using average temperature over previous 12 hours
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3
Q

Low Pressure Systems

A
  • Cyclones
  • Surround by high pressure
  • Air rotates counter clockwise in northern hemisphere due to Coriolis effect
  • Air converges into a low
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4
Q

High Pressure Systems

A
  • Anti-cyclones
  • Surround by low pressure
  • Air rotates clockwise in northern hemisphere due to Coriolis effect
  • Air diverges from a high
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5
Q

Coriolis Effect

A
  • Atmosphere does not rotate at the same speed as the surface
  • Apparent when air attempts to flow in a north south direction.
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6
Q

Friction Effect

A
  • Topographical features reduce wind speed at low level
  • Only occurs up to 2000-3000 AGL
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7
Q

Sea Breeze

A
  • Sea to land
  • During the day, the temperature of the land rises more quickly than the water
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8
Q

Land Breeze

A
  • Land to sea
  • During the night, the land cools more quickly than the water
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9
Q

Anabatic Wind

A
  • Valley Breeze
  • Occurs during the day when the sun warms the mountain sides
  • Air in contact warms by conduction
  • This air is less dense and rises up the mountain
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10
Q

Katabatic Wind

A
  • Usually occurs during night
  • Mountain sides cool quickly
  • Air in contact becomes cold through conduction
  • Cold air sinks to the valley below
  • Can occur during the day due to snow covered slopes reflecting sunlight
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11
Q

Causes of Wind Shear

A
  • Nocturnal Inversions can produce shear zones usually at 1000 AGL
  • Thunderstorms
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12
Q

Low Level Jet Stream

A
  • Sheet of strong winds
  • Dissipates as daytime heating eliminates inversion
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13
Q

Air Masses

A
  • large section of troposphere with uniform properties of temperature and moisture
  • takes properties from surface over what it is formed
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14
Q

Cold Front Weather

A

Determined by the moisture content and stability of the warm air mass

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15
Q

Signs of Cold Front Passage

A
  • Decrease in temp
  • Wind veer and increase speed
  • Falling then rising
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16
Q

Warm Front Weather

A

Determined by the moisture content and stability of the warm air mass

17
Q

Signs of Warm Front Passage

A
  • Temperature will increase
  • Wind will veer gradually
  • Visibility generally poorer
18
Q

Frontal Depressions

A
  • Two air masses flowing parallel to a front
  • Quasi-stationary
  • Cold air neither advancing nor retreating
  • Wave is created due to atmospheric disturbance
  • Cyclonic flow is created and low pressure system develops, along with cold and warm fronts
  • Cold air moves faster and undercuts the warm air, forming an occluded front
  • System weakens and then becomes a stationary front again
19
Q

Occlusions

A

Cold front catches warm front, forcing the warm air up, called a TROWAL

20
Q

Upper Fronts

A
  • Narrow transition zone between two air masses where the temp difference does not exist at the the surface
  • Sometimes a front doesn’t come right down to the surface
21
Q

Causes of Upper Fronts

A
  • Very cold air is trapped below two warmer air masses, could have a warm or cold front above it
  • A very shallow warm or cold front
  • Daytime heating equalizes the temperature of two air masses at a front
22
Q

Aircraft Icing

A

Occurs when supercooled water droplets freeze on contact with a cold aircraft

23
Q

Requirements for Icing

A
  • Visible moisture
  • Below freezing temperatures
  • must fly through cloud below the freezing level or through freezing precipitation
24
Q

Clear Ice

A
  • Slow freezing
  • High temperature
  • Harder to remove
  • Smooth, not as diminishing
25
Q

Rime Ice

A
  • Rapid freezing
  • Low Temperature
  • Easier to remove
  • Brittle, very diminishing
26
Q

Collection Efficiency

A
  • Thin airfoil (horizontal stabilizer)
  • High aircraft speed
  • Large droplets
27
Q

Trace Icing

A

Not hazardous unless encountered for over 1 hour

28
Q

Light Icing

A

May be a problem if conditions persist (under 1 hour)

29
Q

Moderate Icing

A

Short encounters become potentially hazardous, anti-icing or diversion required

30
Q

Severe

A

Anti-icing doesn’t work, diversion necessary

31
Q

Ice of a Medium Grit Sandpaper

A
  • Lift decreases 30%
  • Drag increases 40%
32
Q

Tail-Plane Stall

A
  • Tail stalls first due to high catch rate
  • Don’t use flaps, increase speed
33
Q

Icing in Cloud - Layer Cloud

A
  • Freezing level to -5ºC
  • Tend to have rime ice
34
Q

Icing in Cloud - Vertical Cloud

A
  • Freezing level to -15ºC
  • Tend to have clear ice
35
Q

Icing in Cloud - TCU or CB

A

Freezing level may be up to -25ºC

36
Q

Frost

A
  • Sublimation of water vapour directly onto the aircraft
  • Requires a cold, clear night, or a rapid descent in below freezing temperatures (hoar frost)
37
Q

Frozen Dew

A
  • Water vapour condenses on the aircraft
  • Water freezes as the temperature drops
38
Q

Cold soaking

A
  • Warm wings are filled with cold fuel
  • Air adjacent to underside of wing cools, condensation or sublimation occurs
  • May takeoff if POH procedures are followed
39
Q

Turbulence Causes

A
  • Windshear
  • Frontal Air
  • Hot air
  • Surface Texture
40
Q

Turbulence Classification

A
  • Occasional (<1/3)
  • Intermittent (1/3 to 2/3)
  • Continuous (>2/3)
41
Q
A

AVIA 203 - FM2A (9 decks)

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