METAPARADIGM: KOLCABA, LOCSIN, FITZPATRICK, BOYKIN&SCHOENHOFFER, JOHNSON

Question 1

• Individuals, families, institutions or communities in need of health care
• Comfort is achieved when the patient’s pain needs are met

Answer 1

Person: Kolcaba

Question 2

Optimal functioning, as defined by the patient, group, family, or institution

Answer 2

Kolcaba: HEALTH

Question 3

• Any aspect of the patient that can be manipulated to enhance comfort
• A calm and comforting environment will allow the patient’s anxiety level to decrease

Answer 3

Kolcaba: ENVIRONMENT

Question 4

It is the intentional assessment of the patient’s comfort needs and creation of a specific care plan to address and readdress those needs

Answer 4

Kolcaba: NURSING

Question 5

• A whole or complete being in the moment that continually grows and changes as response to different personal conditions and experiences

Answer 5

Locsin: PERSON

Question 6

The surroundings use technology (e.g., a critical care unit) to understand the person as a complete moment by moment

Answer 6

Locsin: Environment

Question 7

• A discipline and specialized practice that uses technology to individualize care to the unique needs of the person
• The function of a nurse is to be challenged to be technologically proficient while responding to the calls for nursing
• The nurse acts as the “midline” between the person and technologies, in order to fully know the person and help them understand the role of technologies as part of their care

Answer 7

Locsin: Nursing

Question 8

The enhancement of humanhood, allowing a person to continually grow and develop from moment to moment

Answer 8

Locsin: Health

Question 9

• Integrates the concepts of both self and others, and recognizes individuals as having unique biological, psychological, emotional, social, cultural, and spiritual attitudes
• An open system with a set group of rhythmic behaviors
• Thrives on honor and dignity, self-evaluation and growth and development

Answer 9

Fitzpatrick: PERSON

Question 10

• A dynamic state of being resulting from the interaction of person and the environment
• It can vary from wellness to illness, disease, or dysfunction
• It changes continuously throughout the person’s life span

Answer 10

Fitzpatrick: HEALTH

Question 11

• The actualization of both innate and obtained human potential obtained from rewarding relationships with others, goal-directed

Answer 11

Optimum Health

Question 12

Social construct that surrounds the patient and its effects on the patient

Answer 12

Fitzpatrick: ENVIRONMENT

Question 13

A practice discipline and a profession that is based upon a synthesized body of knowledge, which is derived from inquiry and clinical evaluation promoting wellness and diminishing illness
- Nursing practice centers on the application of this body knowledge in an effort to maintain, restore and enhance the interactions between people and their environment

Answer 13

Fitzpatrick: NURSING

Question 14

• Inherently caring by virtue of their humanness
• Are whole or complete in the moment
• Live caring, moment to moment
• Unique being constantly growing and unfolding within relationships

Answer 14

Boykin and Schoenhofer: PERSON

Question 15

• Process of living life grounded in caring
• This implies that the fullness of being human is expressed in living caring uniquely day to day and is enhanced through participation in caring relationships

Answer 15

Boykin and Schoenhofer: HEALTH

Question 16

Includes the context of caring interactions, shaped by the relationships and experiences of the individuals involved
- It is where authentic caring relationships between the nurse and the person occur

Answer 16

Boykin and Schoenhofer: ENVIRONMENT

Question 17

• Both a discipline and a professional practice focused on nurturing caring relationships
• It is an “exquisitely interwoven” unity of aspects of the discipline and profession of nursing
• As a discipline, nursing is a way of knowing, being, valuing, and living in the world, and is envisaged
  as a unity of knowledge within a larger unit

Answer 17

Boykin and Schoenhofer: NURSING

Question 18

It is composed of 2 major systems: the biological and behavioral system. It is the rolevof medicine to focus on biological system, while nursing focuses on the latter

Answer 18

Johnson: PERSON

Question 19

• Opposite of illness
• “Some degree of regularity and constancy in behavior, the the behavioral system reflects
  adjustments and adaptations that are successful in some way and to some degree… adaptation is functionally efficient and effective.”
• An elusive state that is affected by social, psychological, biological, and physiological factors
• Reflected by the organization, interaction, interdependence, and integration of the behavioral subsystems

Answer 19

Johnson: HEALTH

Question 20

It implied to include all elements of the surroundings of the human system and includes interior stressors

Answer 20

Johnson: ENVIRONMENT

Question 21

“An external regulatory force which acts to preserve the organization and integration of the patient’s behavior at an optimum level under those conditions in which the behavior constitutes a threat to the physical or social health, or in which illness is found.”
- Help the patient maintain his/her equilibrium
- The goal of nursing is to maintain and restore the person’s behavioral system balance and stability or to help the person achieve a more optimum level of balance and functioning

Answer 21

Johnson: NURSING