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GCSE Chemistry > Metals and their extraction (NEW) > Flashcards

Metals and their extraction (NEW) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the source of most metals?

A

Ores (minerals found in the Earth’s crust). They contain metal compounds, from which metals can be extracted

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2
Q

What happens when you put a more reactive metal into a less reactive metal in a compound

A

It replaces it (called a displacement reaction)

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3
Q

What is oxidation?

A

The gain of oxygen/ the loss of electrons

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4
Q

What is reduction?

A

The loss of oxygen / the gain of electrons

- happens at CATHODE

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5
Q

When an element is more reactive than carbon it is displaced using?

A

Electrolysis

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6
Q

What is Iron ore used for in a blast furnace?

A

Source of iron

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7
Q

What is Coke used for in a blast furnace?

A

as a fuel and to produce carbon monoxide for the reduction

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8
Q

What is Limestone used for in a blast furnace?

A

to remove impurities

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9
Q

What is hot air used in blast furnace?

A

provides oxygen so that coke can burn

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10
Q

What is electrolysis?

A

The process by which ionic substances are decomposed into simpler substances when an electric current is passed through them

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11
Q

What is the equation at the CATHODE for the extraction of Aluminium Oxide? (Al 3+)

A

Al3+ + 3e- → Al

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12
Q

What is the equation at the ANODE for the extraction of Aluminium Oxide?

A

2O2- → O2 + 4e-

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13
Q

How can you save energy during electrolysis of Aluminium

A

ALUMINIUM OXIDE dissolves in molten cryolite at a temperature much lower than its melting point, therefore saving energy.

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14
Q

What are the properties of Iron

A

Strong and hard

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15
Q

What are the properties of Aluminium

A
  • Strong
  • low density
  • good conductor of heat
  • electricity
  • resistant to corrosion.
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16
Q

What are the properties of Titanium?

A
  • Hard
  • strong
  • low density (airplane bodies)
  • resistant to corrosion
  • high melting point.
17
Q

What are the properties of Copper?

A
  • Very good conductor of heat and electricity
  • malleable
  • ductile (wiring)
  • non toxic (saucepans)
18
Q

What are the general properties of TRANSITION METALS?

A
  • found in the centre of the Periodic Table
  • high melting and boiling points
  • malleability
  • high density
  • good electrical
  • thermal conductivity
19
Q

What is special about transition metals?

A

They can form more than one type of ion,

20
Q

What is the equation at the CATHODE during electrolysis of water?

A

4H+ + 4e– → 2H2

21
Q

What is the equation at the ANODE during electrolysis of water?

A

4OH– → 2H2O + O2 + 4e–

22
Q

Why do we electroplate metals

A

Decoration and protection

23
Q

When COPPER (CU) is present and reacts with HYDROXIDE (OH) what colour does it make?

A

blue precipitate

24
Q

If IRON (FE3+) is present and reacts with HYDROXIDE (OH) what colour does it make?

A

Brown precipitate

25
Q

IF IRON (FE2+) is present and reacts with HYDROXIDE (OH) what colour does it make?

A

green precipitate

26
Q

What is a alloy?

A

a mixture made by mixing molten metals

27
Q

How can an alloys properties be modified?

A

By changing its composition.

28
Q

How is copper purified by electrolysis?

A

The ANODE is made from IMPURE copper and the CATHODE is made from PURE copper.

29
Q

What are some factors which impact locations of siting of plants for extraction?

A
  • close proximity to a power station
  • near the coast to allow for the import of raw materials
  • near roads and railway lines to allow for the product to be taken to where it is needed
  • near a town or city, so that workers have somewhere to live close by
30
Q

What is the reaction for CARBON MONOXIDE in a blast furnace?

A

Oxygen from the hot air reacts with carbon (coke) to form carbon monoxide.
This is an exothermic reaction and heats the furnace.
2C + O2 → 2CO

31
Q

What is the reaction for IRON in the blast furnace?

A

Carbon monoxide then reacts with iron(III) oxide to give iron and carbon dioxide
Fe2O3 + 3CO → 2Fe + 3CO2

32
Q

What is the reaction for CALCIUM OXIDE in a BLAST FURNACE?

A

Limestone decomposes thermally to form calcium oxide + Carbon Dioxide
CaCO3 → CaO + CO2

33
Q

What is the reaction for SLAG in a BLAST FURNACE?

A

Calcium reacts with silicon dioxide (sand) to form slag.

CaO + SiO2 → CaSiO3

34
Q

What things are formed in a blast furnace?

A
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Iron
  • Calcium Oxide
  • Slag
35
Q

When in ionic solutions , when is hydrogen formed at the CATHODE?

A

If the metal is more reactive than hydrogen

36
Q

What is less reactive than hydrogen?

A
  • copper
  • silver
  • gold

GCSE Chemistry (8 decks)

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