2.6 Reversible reactions (new) Flashcards
What is a reversible reaction?
A chemical reaction in which the products can react to form the original reactants
How can Ammonia be formed?
- By using the Haber process
- Nitrogen + Hydrogen
- reversible reaction
What happens if you add heat during the HABER PROCESS?
- Adding heat will force the equilibrium to the left and favour more starting material
- RATE increases
- YIELD of ammonia decreases
What happens if you lower the temperature during the HABER PROCESS?
- a higher yield of ammonia
- the rate would be very low
What happens if you increase the PRESSURE during the HABER PROCESS?
- it will favour the side with the MORE MOLES (Nitrogen and hydrogen)
- we will produce more ammonia
- it is dangerous and expensive
What is the chemical formula for Ammonia?
NH3
How do we test for Ammonia?
- Hold red litmus paper into the gas
- If ammonia is present the red litmus turns into BLUE
How is Sulfuric acid made?
Using the Contact Process
Describe the process of making SULFURIC ACID using the CONTACT PROCESS?
Stage 1 - Sulphur + Oxygen (BURNS IN AIR) = Sulphur Dioxide
Stage 2 - Sulphur Dioxide + Oxygen ⇌ Sulphur Trioxide (REVERSIBLE)
Stage 3 - Sulphur Trioxide + Water = Sulfuric Acid
What do we use SULPHURIC ACID for?
It is used in the production of
-fertilisers, paints, dyes, fibres, plastics and detergents
How can we show that SULPHURIC ACID is a dehydrating agent?
- By reacting it with Sugar and Hydrated Copper (II) Sulfate
How can we create Ammonium Nitrate?
Nitric Acid + Ammonia Hydroxide = Ammonium Nitrate
How can we create Ammonium Sulphate?
Sulfuric Acid + Ammonia Hydroxide = Ammonium Sulphate
What are 4 Advantages of using Nitrogenous fertiliser?
- Increase crop yield
- Healthier crops
- Improve Soil quality
- Less land needed to grow crops
what are 4 Disadvantages of using Nitrogenous fertiliser?
- Blue Baby Syndrome
- Can cause stomach cancer
- Pollutes water
- Eutrophication
How do we Identify Ammonium Ions (NH4)
- By adding dilute SODIUM HYDROXIDE and gently heating
- If Ammonia is present it will turn Red Litmus paper into Blue
Why are catalyst used during the HABER PROCESS?
Reduce the time taken to reach equilibrium
What are the conditions used in STAGE 2 of contact process?
Vanadium oxide
Atmospheric Pressure
450 degrees Celsius
