Metals And Extraction Flashcards
What is the metal reactivity series?
- Potassium
- Sodium
- Calcium
- Magnesium
- Aluminum
- Zinc
- Iron
- Tin
- Lead
- Copper
- Mercury
- Silver
- Gold
Which metals are separated using electrolysis?
Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum
Which metals are separated using displacement with carbon?
Zinc, helium, iron, tin, lead
Which metals are found naturally and why?
Platinum, gold, silver, copper, iron, mercury because they are VERY unreactive
What is the thermit reaction?
A more reactive metal removing oxygen from the oxide of a less reactive metal when a mixture of the two is heated
What is an example of the thermit reaction?
When aluminum and iron (iii) oxide is ignited, molten iron is formed.
What is the meaning of OILRIG?
Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain
What does reduction actually mean?
A substance loses oxygen and gains electrons
How do we extract iron from its ore?
- A reduction oxidation reaction
- Iron oxide is reduced to iron at high temperatures (in a blast furnace)
- Oxidation of carbon (in the form of coke)
- Carbon monoxide and carbon create carbon dioxide via oxidation
What are the reactions that happen in the extraction of iron?
2C+O2 = 2CO (carbon and oxygen = carbon monoxide)
Fe2O3+3CO = 2Fe+3CO2 (iron (III) oxide + carbon monoxide = iron + carbon dioxide)
Which metals need to be extracted via electrolysis?
Those which are more reactive than carbon
Out of cathodes and anodes, which has a negative charge?
Cathodes, which attract positive electrons
What are the sustainability issues with the extraction of metals?
- Land contamination
- Environmental impact
- Effect on local population
- Fuel and energy costs
- Greenhouse gas emissions
- Impact of recycling
- Effects of extraction of ores
What properties do transition metals have?
- Malleable
- High melting points
- Good conductors of electricity and heat
- Form ions with different charges
- Are less chemically reactive than alkali metals
- Form coloured chemical compounds
What are the six words relating to electrolysis you will need to know?
Electrolyte - the liquid containing ions Electrode - solid conductors in electrolyte Anode - positive conductor Cathode - negative conductor Anion - negative ion Cation - positive ion
What is the equation for the thermit reaction between aluminum and iron oxide?
How is iron extracted from its ores?
By chemical reduction with carbon
What elements are heated in the blast furnace?
Iron ore, coke and limestone to make iron
What is the job of the blast furnace?
To make iron (III) oxide into iron ore into iron which means removing oxygen
What is blown into the furnace?
Hot air, which combines with coke to form carbon monoxide
What reacts with iron (III) oxide and where does it happen?
Carbon monoxide, high in the furnace to form molten iron
Where does molten iron collect?
At the base of the furnace
What is the equation for making iron?
Which elements are oxidized and reduced in the reaction to make iron?
Iron (III) oxide is reduced and carbon (carbon monoxide) is oxidized
Define an ore
A substance found in the earth’s crust containing metal atoms combined with other elements
What is an example of an ore
Magnetite (iron)
How does reactivity correlate with difficulty removing a metal from its ore
The more reactive the harder to remove from the ore
What is an example of the equation for a displacement reaction
Magnesium + copper sulphate = copper + magnesium sulphate
What is another name for a thermite reaction
A competition reaction
What is the reaction used in the rail industry
Al(s)+Fe(2)O(3) = AL(2)O(3) + Fe
Give a list of the things that happen in a blast furnace (you don’t need to memorize this word for word but you kinda need to know it)
- Raw materials are added at the top of the furnace
- Blasts of hot air are blown in near the bottom of said furnace
- Oxygen in the blasts of air reacts with coke to form carbon monoxide - this is very exothermic, meaning temperatures get to 1750 degrees
- As carbon monoxide rises up the furnace it reacts with the iron ore (iron(III) oxide) to form iron
- Molten iron runs to the bottom of the surface, and is occasionally tapped off
- The iron is either used to make steel or poured into moulds
What is equation one in an iron furnace? (carbon and oxygen)
2C+O(2)=2CO
What’s reaction no. 2 in an iron furnace?
Fe(2)O(3) + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO(2)
How is aluminum prepared for electrolysis?
It is melted, meaning that positively charged ions can move to the cathode, forming aluminum atoms that can be extracted as bulk aluminum metal
What is the main ore for aluminum?
Aluminum oxide
Which metals are transition metals?
The ones on the middle of the periodic table
How can copper (II), iron (II), and iron (III) ions be identified?
By adding dilute sodium hydroxide to solutions of their salts
What are the positive tests for copper, iron (II), and iron (III) ions?
Copper = blue precipitate
Iron (II) = green precipitate
Iron (III) = rust brown precipitate
What are electrodes in water electrolysis made of?
Platinum
What are the equations most important in electrolysis of water?
2H(2) = 2H(2) + O(2) H(2)O = 2H + OH ANODE 4OH = 2H(2)O + O(2) + 4e(-) CATHODE 4H + 4e = 2H(2)
What are the properties of iron?
Can be magnetized, a good conductor of heat and electricity
What are the differences between low carbon and high carbon steel
Low carbon steel is tough, ductile, malleable, strong, but with poor resistance to corrosion
High carbon steel is hard very strong, wear resistant, but more brittle
Stainless steel is resistant to corrosion
What are the uses of steel
Magnets, transformer cores, car body panels, cutting tools
What are the properties of aluminium
It is strong, with low density, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. Also resistant to corrosion
What are the uses of aluminium
High voltage power lines, saucepans, window and greenhouse frames, drinks cans, and car parts
What are the properties of copper
It’s a very good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, lustrous, and an attractive colour
What are the uses of copper
In alloys like brass and bronze, water pipes, electrical wires, jewellery and ornaments, saucepan bottoms
What are the properties of titanium
Hard, strong, low density, high melting point, resistant to corrosion
What are the uses of titanium
Jet engine and spacecraft parts, industrial machine parts, car parts, medical implants, strengthening steel, jewellery, sports equipment
What is an alloy
A mixture of two or more different metals (or carbon) made by combining the molten metals. The qualities of alloys can be modified by varying the types and amounts of the metals in the mixture
What is brass made of
Copper and zinc - used in decorative metal parts and low friction metal parts like locks or gears. Also sometimes in plumbing and musical instruments
What is bronze
An alloy made of copper and tin, used in boat and ship fittings, sculptures and statues, guitar and piano strings, and tools used in explosive atmospheres
What is stainless steel
Made of iron, carbon, and chromium - used in cookware, surgical instruments, car and spacecraft parts, and large building and bridge construction
