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chemistry wjec > Metals And Extraction > Flashcards

Metals And Extraction Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the metal reactivity series?

A
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Aluminum
  • Zinc
  • Iron
  • Tin
  • Lead
  • Copper
  • Mercury
  • Silver
  • Gold
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2
Q

Which metals are separated using electrolysis?

A

Potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminum

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3
Q

Which metals are separated using displacement with carbon?

A

Zinc, helium, iron, tin, lead

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4
Q

Which metals are found naturally and why?

A

Platinum, gold, silver, copper, iron, mercury because they are VERY unreactive

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5
Q

What is the thermit reaction?

A

A more reactive metal removing oxygen from the oxide of a less reactive metal when a mixture of the two is heated

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6
Q

What is an example of the thermit reaction?

A

When aluminum and iron (iii) oxide is ignited, molten iron is formed.

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7
Q

What is the meaning of OILRIG?

A

Oxidation Is Loss Reduction Is Gain

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8
Q

What does reduction actually mean?

A

A substance loses oxygen and gains electrons

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9
Q

How do we extract iron from its ore?

A
  • A reduction oxidation reaction
  • Iron oxide is reduced to iron at high temperatures (in a blast furnace)
  • Oxidation of carbon (in the form of coke)
  • Carbon monoxide and carbon create carbon dioxide via oxidation
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10
Q

What are the reactions that happen in the extraction of iron?

A

2C+O2 = 2CO (carbon and oxygen = carbon monoxide)

Fe2O3+3CO = 2Fe+3CO2 (iron (III) oxide + carbon monoxide = iron + carbon dioxide)

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11
Q

Which metals need to be extracted via electrolysis?

A

Those which are more reactive than carbon

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12
Q

Out of cathodes and anodes, which has a negative charge?

A

Cathodes, which attract positive electrons

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13
Q

What are the sustainability issues with the extraction of metals?

A
  • Land contamination
  • Environmental impact
  • Effect on local population
  • Fuel and energy costs
  • Greenhouse gas emissions
  • Impact of recycling
  • Effects of extraction of ores
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14
Q

What properties do transition metals have?

A
  • Malleable
  • High melting points
  • Good conductors of electricity and heat
  • Form ions with different charges
  • Are less chemically reactive than alkali metals
  • Form coloured chemical compounds
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15
Q

What are the six words relating to electrolysis you will need to know?

A 
Electrolyte - the liquid containing ions
Electrode - solid conductors in electrolyte
Anode - positive conductor
Cathode - negative conductor
Anion - negative ion
Cation - positive ion
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16
Q

What is the equation for the thermit reaction between aluminum and iron oxide?

A
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17
Q

How is iron extracted from its ores?

A

By chemical reduction with carbon

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18
Q

What elements are heated in the blast furnace?

A

Iron ore, coke and limestone to make iron

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19
Q

What is the job of the blast furnace?

A

To make iron (III) oxide into iron ore into iron which means removing oxygen

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20
Q

What is blown into the furnace?

A

Hot air, which combines with coke to form carbon monoxide

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21
Q

What reacts with iron (III) oxide and where does it happen?

A

Carbon monoxide, high in the furnace to form molten iron

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22
Q

Where does molten iron collect?

A

At the base of the furnace

23
Q

What is the equation for making iron?

A
24
Q

Which elements are oxidized and reduced in the reaction to make iron?

A

Iron (III) oxide is reduced and carbon (carbon monoxide) is oxidized

25
Q

Define an ore

A

A substance found in the earth’s crust containing metal atoms combined with other elements

26
Q

What is an example of an ore

A

Magnetite (iron)

27
Q

How does reactivity correlate with difficulty removing a metal from its ore

A

The more reactive the harder to remove from the ore

28
Q

What is an example of the equation for a displacement reaction

A

Magnesium + copper sulphate = copper + magnesium sulphate

29
Q

What is another name for a thermite reaction

A

A competition reaction

30
Q

What is the reaction used in the rail industry

A

Al(s)+Fe(2)O(3) = AL(2)O(3) + Fe

31
Q

Give a list of the things that happen in a blast furnace (you don’t need to memorize this word for word but you kinda need to know it)

A
  1. Raw materials are added at the top of the furnace
  2. Blasts of hot air are blown in near the bottom of said furnace
  3. Oxygen in the blasts of air reacts with coke to form carbon monoxide - this is very exothermic, meaning temperatures get to 1750 degrees
  4. As carbon monoxide rises up the furnace it reacts with the iron ore (iron(III) oxide) to form iron
  5. Molten iron runs to the bottom of the surface, and is occasionally tapped off
  6. The iron is either used to make steel or poured into moulds
32
Q

What is equation one in an iron furnace? (carbon and oxygen)

A

2C+O(2)=2CO

33
Q

What’s reaction no. 2 in an iron furnace?

A

Fe(2)O(3) + 3CO = 2Fe + 3CO(2)

34
Q

How is aluminum prepared for electrolysis?

A

It is melted, meaning that positively charged ions can move to the cathode, forming aluminum atoms that can be extracted as bulk aluminum metal

35
Q

What is the main ore for aluminum?

A

Aluminum oxide

36
Q

Which metals are transition metals?

A

The ones on the middle of the periodic table

37
Q

How can copper (II), iron (II), and iron (III) ions be identified?

A

By adding dilute sodium hydroxide to solutions of their salts

38
Q

What are the positive tests for copper, iron (II), and iron (III) ions?

A

Copper = blue precipitate
Iron (II) = green precipitate
Iron (III) = rust brown precipitate

39
Q

What are electrodes in water electrolysis made of?

A

Platinum

40
Q

What are the equations most important in electrolysis of water?

A 
2H(2) = 2H(2) + O(2)
H(2)O = 2H + OH
ANODE
4OH = 2H(2)O + O(2) + 4e(-)
CATHODE
4H + 4e = 2H(2)
41
Q

What are the properties of iron?

A

Can be magnetized, a good conductor of heat and electricity

42
Q

What are the differences between low carbon and high carbon steel

A

Low carbon steel is tough, ductile, malleable, strong, but with poor resistance to corrosion
High carbon steel is hard very strong, wear resistant, but more brittle
Stainless steel is resistant to corrosion

43
Q

What are the uses of steel

A

Magnets, transformer cores, car body panels, cutting tools

44
Q

What are the properties of aluminium

A

It is strong, with low density, and a good conductor of heat and electricity. Also resistant to corrosion

45
Q

What are the uses of aluminium

A

High voltage power lines, saucepans, window and greenhouse frames, drinks cans, and car parts

46
Q

What are the properties of copper

A

It’s a very good conductor of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile, lustrous, and an attractive colour

47
Q

What are the uses of copper

A

In alloys like brass and bronze, water pipes, electrical wires, jewellery and ornaments, saucepan bottoms

48
Q

What are the properties of titanium

A

Hard, strong, low density, high melting point, resistant to corrosion

49
Q

What are the uses of titanium

A

Jet engine and spacecraft parts, industrial machine parts, car parts, medical implants, strengthening steel, jewellery, sports equipment

50
Q

What is an alloy

A

A mixture of two or more different metals (or carbon) made by combining the molten metals. The qualities of alloys can be modified by varying the types and amounts of the metals in the mixture

51
Q

What is brass made of

A

Copper and zinc - used in decorative metal parts and low friction metal parts like locks or gears. Also sometimes in plumbing and musical instruments

52
Q

What is bronze

A

An alloy made of copper and tin, used in boat and ship fittings, sculptures and statues, guitar and piano strings, and tools used in explosive atmospheres

53
Q

What is stainless steel

A

Made of iron, carbon, and chromium - used in cookware, surgical instruments, car and spacecraft parts, and large building and bridge construction

chemistry wjec (8 decks)

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