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Chemistry WJEC > Acids Bases and Salts > Flashcards

Acids Bases and Salts Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the name of the scale which decides which substances are acids and alkali?

A

pH

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2
Q

What number is neutral on the pH scale

A

7

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3
Q

What side of the pH scale are alkalis?

A

Under 7

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4
Q

What do acid solutions contain?

A

H+ ions

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5
Q

What do alkali solutions contain?

A

OH- ions

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6
Q

How is the concentration of ions measured?

A

mol/dm cubed

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7
Q

What are H+ ions in

A

Water

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8
Q

What concentration of OH- ions do strong alkalis have?

A

A high one - weak alkalis have a low one

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9
Q

What degree of ionisation do strong acids and alkalis have?

A

A high one

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10
Q

Why is hydrochloric acid a strong acid?

A

Because when the HCl molecules dissolve in the water almost all of the hydrogen atoms form H+ ions (ionisation)

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11
Q

Why is ethanoic acid a weak acid?

A

Because only about 1% of the molecules form H+ ions

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12
Q

What are the similarities in how strong and weak acids react

A
  • When they react with magnesium they both produce hydrogen gas
  • When they react with calcium carbonate they both produce carbon dioxide gas
  • In both these situations they produce the same volume of gas but the rate of reaction is faster for the strong acid
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13
Q

What determines concentration of acids and alkalis

A

The amount and proportion of water present

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14
Q

What volume of water do dilute acids have

A

A high one

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15
Q

Why do some metals react with acids?

A

Because of their position on the reactivity series

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16
Q

Recite the reactivity series (highest to lowest)

A
  • Potassium
  • Sodium
  • Calcium
  • Magnesium
  • Zinc
  • Iron
  • Tin
  • Lead
  • Copper
  • Silver
  • Gold
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17
Q

How do metals at the top of the reactivity series react with acids?

A

Vigorously and exothermically even with dilute acids

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18
Q

How do metals at the bottom of the reactivity series react with acids?

A

Not at all

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19
Q

What is the general equation for metals reacting with acids?

A

Metal + acid = metal salt + hydrogen

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20
Q

What kind of salts do hydrochloric acid and metals create?

A

Chlorides

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21
Q

What is the equation for hydrochloric acid and a metal?

A

Metal + hydrochloric acid = magnesium chloride + hydrogen

22
Q

What is the equation for sulfuric acid and a metal

A

Metal + sulphuric acid = metal sulfate + hydrogen

23
Q

What kind of salts does sulfuric acid and a metal create?

A

A sulfate

24
Q

What kind of salts do nitric acid and a metal create

A

A nitrate

25
Q

What is the equation for a metal and nitric acid

A

Metal + nitric acid = metal nitrate + hydrogen

26
Q

Define a neutralisation reaction

A

A chemical reaction happens if you mix together an acid and a base.

27
Q

What do acids react with

A

Metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal carbonates

28
Q

What are soluble bases called

A

Alkalis

29
Q

What kind of reaction is one between an acid and a metal oxide

A

Exothermic (giving out heat)

30
Q

What is the term for when acids react with bases or alkalis

A

A neutralisation reaction

31
Q

How can neutralisation reactions involving acids and alkalis be characterised

A

HNO(3) + OH(-) = H(2)O

32
Q

What is a base

A

A base is a substance that can neutralize the acid by reacting with hydrogen ions.

33
Q

What do metal carbonates react with in a neutralisation reaction

A

They react with acids forming metal salts, water, and carbon dioxide gas

34
Q

What is an example of a metal carbonate neutralisation reaction

A

Sulfuric acid + magnesium = magnesium + water + carbon dioxide

35
Q

What is the test for a carbonate

A

To add an acid - if the substance effervesces (gives off bubbles) producing carbon dioxide gas, then it’s a carbonate (or contains the carbonate ion)

36
Q

What is a titration

A

A method of preparing solutions of solube salts, and a way of determining the relative and actual concentrations of solutions of acids or alkalis

37
Q

What is an example of an indicator used in titration

A

Phenolphthalein

38
Q

What happens during titration

A
  • An indicator is added to a known volume of alkali
  • The acid is put into a burette
  • The concentration of either the acid or alkali has to be known
  • The acid is added to the alkali until the indicator changes colour
39
Q

What is the equation we use to work out concentration during titration

A

Concentration of acid x volume of acid = concentration of alkali x volume of alkali

40
Q

How do we test for a sulfate

A

By reacting a solution of the sulfate with a solution of barium chloride - a white precipitate of barium sulfate is formed

41
Q

What is the symbol for a sulfate ion

A

SO(4)↑-2

42
Q

What is an example of testing for a sulfate

A

Sodium sulfate + barium chloride = sodium chloride + barium sulfate

43
Q

What kind of salt is barium sulphate

A

A solid insoluble salt

44
Q

How can solid insoluble salts be prepared from precipitate solutions

A

By filtering the solution - the insoluble salt is trapped by the filter paper

45
Q

What happens after the insoluble salt is separated

A

It is rinsed by distilled water

46
Q

How can soluble salts be prepared

A

By reacting an acid with a metal base

47
Q

What is an example of a solube salt

A

Magnesium sulfate

48
Q

What is the result of mixing an acid and a metal base

A

A soluble salt, which has to be separated via evaporation

49
Q

How is the excess insoluble base separated from the soluble salt?

A

Via filtration

50
Q

How can we identify chemicals

A

By reacting known chemicals with them

Chemistry WJEC (8 decks)

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