Metals Flashcards

1
Q

What are metals made from?

A

An ore

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2
Q

How can metal be converted into usable form

A

has to be mined, refined and processed

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3
Q

What is an alloy?

A

A mixture of two or more metals to improve their properties

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4
Q

What are the two main types of metals?

A
  1. Ferrous Metals
  2. Non-ferrous metals
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5
Q

What are ferrous metals?

A

Metals containing iron

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6
Q

What are non-ferrous metals?

A

Metals that do not contain iron

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7
Q

Can both types of metals be recycled?

A

Yes

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8
Q

Ferrous Metals

How is carbon steel made?

A

Pure iron is generally too soft

adding carbon makes this material

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9
Q

Ferrous Metals

What does the amount of steel determine on pure iron?

A

Effect on the material’s properties

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10
Q

Ferrous Metals

Disadvantage of carbon steel

A
  • Poor corrosion resistance - rust easily
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11
Q

Ferrous Metals

How to reduce corrosion resistance with carbon steel?

A

Coating with other metals e.g zinc

or

painted

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12
Q

Ferrous Metals

Properties of low-carbon steel

A
  1. Weakest steels
  2. Stronger than non-ferrous metals
  3. Easy to machine
  4. Tough and cheap
  5. Cannot be hardened or tempered
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13
Q

Ferrous Metals

Examples of using low-carbon steel

A
  • Car bodies
  • Panels for fridge
  • Steel sheet
  • Screws nails
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14
Q

Ferrous Metals

Properties of medium carbon steel

A
  • Tough, strong and hard
  • Fairly cheap
  • More difficult to form than low carbon steel
  • Cannot be hardened
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15
Q

Ferrous Metals

Where is medium carbon steel used fo?

A
  • Gears
  • railway wheels
  • high strength tubing
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16
Q

Ferrous Metals

Properties of high carbon steel

A
  • Strong and harder than medium carbon steel
  • Not Tough
  • Difficult to form but quite cheap
  • Can be hardened and tempered
17
Q

Ferrous Metals

Where is high carbon steel used?

A
  • Ball bearings
  • knives
  • saws
  • chisels
  • hammer
18
Q

Ferrous Metals

Properties of cast iron

A
  • Good compressive strength
  • Hard but can be brittle
  • Melts easily
  • Good for casting
  • Cheap
  • Poor corrosion resistance - rusts easily
19
Q

Ferrous Metals

Where is cast iron used?

A
  • Engine blocks
  • Engineering vices
  • Anvils
20
Q

Ferrous Metals

Properties of stainless steel

A
  • Hard and can be difficult to machine
  • Quite expensive
  • Good corrosion resistance
21
Q

Ferrous Metals

Where is stainless steel used?

A
  • Sinks
  • kettles
  • medical equipment
  • knives
  • forks
22
Q

What are the most common

non-ferrous metals?

A
  • Aluminium
  • Titanium
  • Zinc
  • Pure copper
  • Bronze and bass
23
Q

Non-ferrous metals

Advantages of aluminium

A
  • Good corrosion resistance
  • Lower density than steel - same size , less weight
24
Q

Non-ferrous metals

Disadvantages of aluminium

A
  • Expensive than steel
  • Not as strong
  • often alloyed to improve its uses
25
***_Non-ferrous metals_*** What is aluminium used and its alloys?
* Aircraft structures * cans for soft drinks
26
***_Non-ferrous metals_*** Advantages of titanium
* Stronger than aluminium * Excellent corrosion resistance * Lower density than steel
27
***_Non-ferrous metals_*** Disadvantages of using titanium and its alloys
Used for high performance aircraft structures
28
***_Non-ferrous metals_*** Advantages of pure copper
* Good conductor of electricity * Flexible
29
***_Non-ferrous metals_*** Disadvantage of using pure copper
It lacks strength
30
How is pure copper made strong?
By adding copper oxide
31
***_Non-ferrous metals_*** What is pure copper used for?
Wires and pipework for domestic use
32
What is bronze?
An alloy of copper and tin frequently used for casting
33
What is brass?
Alloy of copper and zinc which is difficult to cast but machined to a good finish
34
What is the uses of brass and bronze?
* High-pressure valve bodies * Statues * doorknobs * electrical parts