Metallic Bonds Flashcards
What properties do most metals have?
Most metals have:
- relatively high melting points and boiling points
- are good conductors of electricity
- are good conductors of heat
- have high density
- Malleable (easy to bend)
- Ductile (Able to flatten into a sheet)
- Shiny/lustre (reflects light)
- Hard/ Tensile Strength
What is a simple definition of metallic bonding?
Tossing electrons to each other.
Free electrons and a lattice structure.
Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?
Metals have high melting and boiling points because they have a lattice structure, meaning more energy is required to break the electrostatic bonds, thus having high melting and boiling points.
What are the main properties of transition metals?
- More dense
- Have higher melting points
- Stronger magnetic properties
- Have brighter colours
What is the difference between the main group and transition metals?
More energy is required to overcome the electrostatic attraction in transition metals than the group metals.
What are the general properties of ionic compounds?
Ionic compounds have high melting and boiling points
Are solids at room temperature
Have poor electrical conductivity in solid states
They conduct electricity well
What are some differences between transition metals and group metals? (Group metals refer to the metals in group 1 and group 2)
Transition metals are harder, denser and have higher melting points than group 1 and group 2 metals
What are metallic bonds?
Metallic bonds are bonds between atoms of the same element that are metals
What does a metallic bond between metal atoms consist of?
Metal atoms become ions after losing an electron, forming positive cations. The ‘lost’ electrons then contribute to the ‘sea of electrons’ which is an electron pool that helps attach the metallic atoms together. They are free-flowing electrons, meaning they are not fixed to one specific atom. They can move around very easily and accounts for the properties of metals such as high melting and boiling points
Why do metals have high melting and boiling points?
Metals are made of lattice structures, meaning that a great amount of energy is required to break down the metallic bonds as well as their structure - hence the high melting and boiling points.
What are cations?
Cations are positively charged ions formed by losing electrons, which is why metals are classified as cations.
What is an anion?
Anions are negatively charged ions formed by gaining electrons. This means that there were more electrons than protons within the atom. Thus, non-metals tend to be anions
Electron transfer is the process where an atom loses an electron and another atom gains that electron.
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What are intramolecular forces? What about intermolecular?
Intramolecular forces are the forces that hold atoms together WITHIN A MOLECULE.
Intermolecular forces are the forces that exist between molecules.
What are allotropes?
Allotropes are elements that exist in several different arrangements and as a result, can have several different physical properties.
An example is carbon, where carbon can either look like a diamond or something like a lump of coal despite the same environmental temperature or condition.
