Isotopes and Radioisotopes Flashcards
What are isotopes?
Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
What do the neutrons do within the nucleus of an atom?
Neutrons act as glue for protons and have a strong nuclear force. More neutrons mean a better rate of containing the protons/neutrons within the nucleus.
During the decay process, what forms is radiation generally emitted?
Radiation is emitted in the form of Alpha Particles, Beta Particles or Gamma Radiation
What are Alpha particles made up of? What about Beta particles?
Alpha particles are made up of 2 Protons and 2 Neutrons, which is the same as a helium nucleus. Thus, an alpha particle contains a daughter isotope + Helium Nucleus
Beta Particles are high-energy electrons formed from the decay of nuclei with too many neutrons. Thus a Beta particle consists of a daughter isotope + electron
What is Gamma Radiation made up of?
Gamma Radiation is a type of high-energy electromagnetic radiation. It is made up of solely of energy called photons. It has very powerful penetration power and can only be stopped by something as dense as a lead plate. Therefore, Daughter Isotope + Photon (Gamma Ray)
What is relative atomic mass and how do you calculate it?
Relative atomic mass is the percentage composition of different elements within a compound.
Relative Atomic Mass = (Mass x Percentage Abdunance) + (Other element Mass x Percentage Abundance)
What is relative isotopic abundance?
Relative Abundance
= (Small Mass * X%) + (Larger Mass * (100-x)%) / 100
Solve for x
What is relative molecular mass?
Relative molecular mass is the mass of one molecule of that substance relative to the mass of a carbon-12 atom taken at 12 units exactly. We use carbon because it is the most stable and universal element of our existence
How do you find relative molecular mass?
To calculate Relative molecular mass, you need to multiply the number of elements within that compound by the atomic mass of those respective elements. For example, carbon dioxide has one carbon and two dioxide atoms. One carbon has a mass of 12.01 grams whereas one oxygen has 16g. To find the molecular mass, it would be the total weight which is 12.01 x 1 + 16 x 2 = 44.01 grams per mol
Is the relative molecular mass the same as the relative formula mass?
Yes both are the same thing in terms of calculation.
Relative formula mass refers to compounds while molecular refers to molecules.
What is Bohr’s atomic model?
Bohr’s atomic model was the first atomic model to explain the origin of the emission spectra, which assumes that electrons can only exist in outside, circular orbits.
