Metacognition & Critical Thinking Flashcards
True or False: an idea cannot be both true and false at the same time in the same way.
True. I guess it can be both if they’re in different ways? Not sure of an example though…
Recall as many of Beyer’s (1988) 10 critical thinking skills as you can.
- Distinguish fact from value claim
- Distinguish relevant and irrelevant
- Determine factual accuracy
- Determine credibility of source
- Identify ambiguity
- Identify assumptions
- Detect bias
- Identify logical fallacies
- Recognize logical inconsistencies
- Determine strength of an argument
Recall as many of Ennis’ (1987) taxonomy of abilities as you can (12 total).
- Focusing on a question
- Analyzing arguments
- Asking and answering questions
- Judge source credibility
- Judge the observations of others
- Judge deductions of others
- Judge inductions of others
- Make value judgements
- Define terms and judge others’ terms
- Identify assumptions
- Deciding on an action
- Interacting with others
Define the term “neuromyth”.
Debunked hypotheses which initially became so widespread that they continue to be believed.
Recall as many of the 11 elements of a socratic discussion as you can.
- Listen carefully
- Take others seriously
- Look for reason and evidence
- Recognize assumptions
- Discover consequences
- Seek examples/analogies/objections
- Separate knowledge from belief
- See from others’ perspective
- Watch for inconsistencies/vagueness
- Maintain healthy skepticism
- Be willing to be satan’s advocate
What is a logical fallacy?
An error in reasoning which undermines the logic of an argument.
What is meant by the “ad hominem” argument? Is this a fallacy?
When an individual attacks someone’s argument based on their personal character or attributes rather than the argument’s merit. A logical fallacy.
What is the “non sequitur” fallacy?
Occurs when the conclusion of an argument doesn’t follow logically from its premises. Ex: “sure crypto is risky, but so’s driving your car! If you’ll drive a car, you should be willing to buy crypto.”
What is meant by a “slippery slope” fallacy?
When an individual asserts that a chain of extraneous events will occur if they allow their opponent’s argument. Ex: “If you fail this exam, you’ll never become a teacher, so you’ll have no money, you’ll never find love, and you’ll die alone.”
What is meant by the “motte and bailey” fallacy?
A debater defends a controversial position by confusing it with a similar but less controversial assertion. Ex: asserting that hate speech should be protected because of freedom of expression laws.
What does the “appeal to authority” fallacy mean?
An individual cites an authoritative source to assert the truth of their argument. Ex: “Trump says you should drink bleach to kill covid in your body and he was the president, he must know best!”
