Metabolism stuff (ATP stuff) Flashcards
Oxidation is when electrons are?
Removed
Reduction is when electrons are?
Added
True or false: NAD is a coenzyme
TRUE
NAD can hold __ electrons(s) and ___ proton(s)
2 electrons
1 proton
What happens to NADH and FADH2 during oxidative phosphorylation?
They are oxidized and their electrons are transferred through the etc
NADH and FADH2 creates a gradient and uses ATP synthase to add phosphorus, ADP to ATP
What are the steps in carbohydrate catabolism?
Glycolysis
Krebs
Electron transport
What does glucose turn into during glycolysis?
2 molecules of pyruvate
Where does glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm of all cells
Is there oxygen involved in glycolysis?
NO
End product of glycolysis
2 ATP
2 NADH
2 pyruvate
Is glycolysis an anaerobic process?
YES
End product of transition step?
2 NADH
2 CO2
2 Acetyl CoA
End product of Krebs cycle?
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
4 CO2
What happens in the transition step?
One carbon is removed from pyruvic acid
Carbon attaches to form acetate and then attaches with coenzyme A which makes acetly co a
What happens to acetylCoA in Krebs?
AcetlycoA gets broken down
Electron transport chain occurs in the __ in prokaryotes and in the __ in eukaryotes
Plasma membrane
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What are the 3 carrier molecules in the electron transport chain?
Flavoproteins
Cytochromes
Ubiquinones
Flavoprotein description
Contain flavin
Coenzyme derived from vitamin B2
Ubiquinoone description
Coenzyme Q
Small nonprotein carriers
Soluble in lipid membrane
Cytochrome description
protiens with an iron containing group
Cytochrome C oxidase
Last molecule of ETC to transfer electrons to O2
What is Chemiosmosis?
High concentration of H+ molecules accumulate and flows back in through atp synthase
Total amount of ATP made in Prokaryote Respiration? (aerobic)
38 ATP
How much ATP is made in ETC?
34
Grand total ATP made in anaerobic respiration in prokaryotes?
5-37
What are some reasons cells are unable to carry out respiration ?
Lacks sufficient amount of electron acceptors
Cell lacks genes to make electron carriers
Cells lacks genes to make one or more enzymes in Krebs cycle
Fermentation description
Does not use oxygen
Produces small amounts of ATP
Does not use Krebs or ETC
Release energy from oxidation of organic molecules
Use organic molecule as electron acceptor
What’s the advantage of fermentation?
Produces ATP quickly
Types of lactic acid fermentation?
Homolatic fermentation
Heterolatic fermentatin
Homolactic fermentation is?
Lactic acid only is produced
Heterolactic fermentation is?
Produces lactic acid and other compounds
What does alcohol fermentation produce?
Ethanol
CO2
WHAT HAPPENS DURING ALCOHOL FERMENTATION?
GLUCOSE IS OXIDIZED TO PYRUVIC ACID
PYRUVIC ACID CONVERTED TO ACEALDEHYDE
NADH REDUCED ACETALDEHYDE TO ETHANOL
