Ch.7 Flashcards
Ionic bonds
gains or loses electrons in outer shell
Covalent
Share electrons
Which are stronger, ionic or covalent bonds?
Ionic
Types of chemical reactions?
Synthesis
Decomposition
Exchange
Synthesis reactions are used in ___ reactions
Anabolic
Decomposition are used in?
Catabolic reactions
Exchange reaction facts
Involve both decomposition and synthesis
Bonds are both made and broken
Types of carbs
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
Monosaccharide examples
Glucose
Deoxyribose
Fructose
Galactose
What are monosaccharides ?
Simple sugars with 3-7 carbon atoms
Disaccharide facts
When 2 monosaccharides combine by dehydration synthesis
Can be broken down by hydrolysis
Types of disaccarides
Sucrose (GLucose and fructose)
Lactose (Galactose and GLucose)
Maltose (Glucose and Glucose)
Types of polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Dextran
Cellulose
Lipid facts
Primary component of cell membranes
Are nonpolar and insoluble in water
Divide into simple fats or triglycerides or complex fats
How are triglycerides/ fats formed?
By dehydration synthesis
How is a molecule of fat formed?
WHEN A molecule of glycerol comobines with one to three fatty acid molecules
What’s a saturated fat?
No double bonds
Complex lipid facts
Made of complex lipids called phospholipids
Have glycerol, 2 fatty acids, and phosphate group
Phospholipids have polar and nonpolar parts
Phospholipid details
Are modified triglycerides
Glycerol and 2 fatty acids plus phosphorus group
Head is polar and hydrophilic
Tail is nonpolar and hydrophobic
Important for cell membrane structure
Steroid details
A type of lipid
Part of membranes that keep the membranes fluid
What’s a sterol?
A type of steroid
When an OH group is attached to one of the rings
Protein details
Are enzymes
Proteins
Transporter proteins
Flagella
Some bacterial toxins and cell structures
Subinit of proteins
Amino Acids
Amio acid details
Contai alpha carbon that has
Carboxyl group
Amino group
Side group
Peptide bonds are formed by ?
Dehydration synthesis
levels of protein structue
1: Polypeptide strand
2: Helix and pleated sheet
3: 3D shape
4: Relationship of several folded polypeptide chains, forming a protein
