Enzyme stuff Flashcards
What are the 2 classes of chemical reactions for metabolism?
Catabolic
Anabolic
Catabolic reactions facts
Enzyme regulated
Release Energy
Breakdown compounds into simpler ones
Hydrolytic
Exergonic
Anabolic reactions facts
Make complex compounds out of simpler ones
Involve dehydration synthesis reactions
Endergonic
What do enzymes do?
Lower the activation energy needed for a reaction
Help with metabolic pathways
Are catalysts
True or false: Enzymes are proteins
TRUE
Do enzymes raise the temperature?
NO
Enzymes are__ in the reaction
Not destroyed/ consumed
Enzymes are encoded by?
GENES
What does collision theory state?
Chemical reactions occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide
What is activation energy?
The collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur
What is reaction rate?
Frequency of collisions containing enough energy to bring about a reaction
What are some things that can increase the reaction rate?
Enzymes (by lowering activation energy)
Increasing temperature
Increasing pressure/ concentration
What are catalysts?
Substances that can speed up chemical reactions without being permanently altered
Ex: enzymes
What is the enzyme substrate complex?
Substrate contacts enzyme’s active site which forms the complex
What is the turnover number?
Number of substrate molecules an enzyme converts to a product per second
Generally 1-10,000
High as 500,000
Enzymes exist in cell as __ and ___ and can switch between these 2 depending on the enironment
Active; inactive
When naming enzymes, the always end in?
-ase
What’s the apoenzyme?
The protein component of enzyme
Inactive by themselves
Must be activated by cofactors
What’s a cofactor?
The non protein component of enzyme
What’s a coenzyme?
A cofactor that is an organic molecule
What’s a holoenzyme?
The “whole/active” enzyme
When apoenzyme and cofactor combine
If the __ is removed the apoenzyme will not function
Cofactor
What are the 2 most important coenyzmes for metabolism?
NAD+ (catabolic reactions)
NADP+(Anabolic reactions)
Both of these are electron carriers
What factors influence enzyme activity?
Temperature
pH
Substrate Concentration
Inhibitors
Enzyme inhibitors can either be ?
Competitive
Noncompetitve
What do competitive inhibitors do?
Fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with substrate
Attach to active site
What do noncompetitive inhibitors do?
Interact with allosteric site rather than the active site
This changes the shape of active site
Can be reversible or irreversible
