Enzyme stuff

Question 1

What are the 2 classes of chemical reactions for metabolism?

Answer 1

Catabolic
Anabolic

Question 2

Catabolic reactions facts

Answer 2

Enzyme regulated
Release Energy
Breakdown compounds into simpler ones
Hydrolytic
Exergonic

Question 3

Anabolic reactions facts

Answer 3

Make complex compounds out of simpler ones
Involve dehydration synthesis reactions
Endergonic

Question 4

What do enzymes do?

Answer 4

Lower the activation energy needed for a reaction
Help with metabolic pathways
Are catalysts

Question 5

True or false: Enzymes are proteins

Answer 5

TRUE

Question 6

Do enzymes raise the temperature?

Answer 6

NO

Question 7

Enzymes are__ in the reaction

Answer 7

Not destroyed/ consumed

Question 8

Enzymes are encoded by?

Answer 8

GENES

Question 9

What does collision theory state?

Answer 9

Chemical reactions occur when atoms, ions, and molecules collide

Question 10

What is activation energy?

Answer 10

The collision energy required for a chemical reaction to occur

Question 11

What is reaction rate?

Answer 11

Frequency of collisions containing enough energy to bring about a reaction

Question 12

What are some things that can increase the reaction rate?

Answer 12

Enzymes (by lowering activation energy)
Increasing temperature
Increasing pressure/ concentration

Question 13

What are catalysts?

Answer 13

Substances that can speed up chemical reactions without being permanently altered
Ex: enzymes

Question 14

What is the enzyme substrate complex?

Answer 14

Substrate contacts enzyme’s active site which forms the complex

Question 15

What is the turnover number?

Answer 15

Number of substrate molecules an enzyme converts to a product per second
Generally 1-10,000
High as 500,000

Question 16

Enzymes exist in cell as __ and ___ and can switch between these 2 depending on the enironment

Answer 16

Active; inactive

Question 17

When naming enzymes, the always end in?

Answer 17

-ase

Question 18

What’s the apoenzyme?

Answer 18

The protein component of enzyme
Inactive by themselves
Must be activated by cofactors

Question 19

What’s a cofactor?

Answer 19

The non protein component of enzyme

Question 20

What’s a coenzyme?

Answer 20

A cofactor that is an organic molecule

Question 21

What’s a holoenzyme?

Answer 21

The “whole/active” enzyme
When apoenzyme and cofactor combine

Question 22

If the __ is removed the apoenzyme will not function

Answer 22

Cofactor

Question 23

What are the 2 most important coenyzmes for metabolism?

Answer 23

NAD+ (catabolic reactions)
NADP+(Anabolic reactions)
Both of these are electron carriers

Question 24

What factors influence enzyme activity?

Answer 24

Temperature
pH
Substrate Concentration
Inhibitors

Question 25

Enzyme inhibitors can either be ?

Answer 25

Competitive
Noncompetitve

Question 26

What do competitive inhibitors do?

Answer 26

Fill the active site of an enzyme and compete with substrate
Attach to active site

Question 27

What do noncompetitive inhibitors do?

Answer 27

Interact with allosteric site rather than the active site
This changes the shape of active site
Can be reversible or irreversible