Metabolism Review

Question 1

Pancreas

Answer 1

1. Both an endocrine and exocrine gland

Produces hormones and digestive enzymes

Question 2

Alpha cells

Answer 2

1. Produce Glucagon

2. Promotes an increase in the blood glucose level by signaling liver to release glucose from glycogen stores

Question 3

Beta Cells

Answer 3

1. Produce Insulin
2. Facilitates the uptake and use of glucose by cells.
3. Decreases blood glucose levels

Question 4

Hormones

Answer 4

1. Chemical messengers secreted by the endocrine organs and transported throughout the body, where they exert their action on specific cells called target cells

Question 5

Metabolism

-Nursing Assessment

Answer 5

1. Medical hx
2. Family med hx
3. Medications including nutritional supplements, herbs, and vitamins
4. Comfort – sleep patterns

Question 6

Metabolism

-Nutritional Assessment

Answer 6

1. Diet (type and quantity)
2. Fluid intake (type and quantity)
3. Appetite and changes in huber or thirst
4. Weight changes
5. Energy level changes
6. Difficulty swallowing or eating
7. Changes in elimination
8. Height

Question 7

Metabolism

-Tissue integrity Assessment

Answer 7

1. Changes in skin and hair
2. Color and texture, moisture and lesions
3. Texture, distribution, and condition of hair and nails

Question 8

Metabolism

-Neuro/Cognitive Assessment

Answer 8

1. Facial Symmetry and position of eyes

Question 9

Metabolism

-Mobility Assessment

Answer 9

1. Deep tendon reflexes
2. Hypocalcemic tetany
   - Trousseau’s sign
   - Chvostek’s sign

Question 10

Hypocalcemic Tetany

Answer 10

1. Intermittent tonic muscular spasms that typically involve the arms or legs

Question 11

Trousseau Sign

Answer 11

1. Muscular spasm of the hand and wrist from pressure on the nerves and vessels of the upper arm
2. Usually a result of hypocalcemia

Question 12

Chvostek’s Sign

Answer 12

1. A spasm of the facial muscles following a tap on the facial nerve; seen in hypocalcemic tetany

Question 13

Metabolism Considerations

-Older Adults

Answer 13

1. Lower basal metabolic rate
2. Increased incidence of HYPOTHYROIDISM
3. Decreased fat absorption and digestion
4. Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins
5. Decreased ability to metabolize glucose

Question 14

BMI Formula

Answer 14

BMI =

(Weight in Pounds / (Height in inches X height in inches)) X 703

Question 15

BMI Results

Answer 15

1. 30 = Obese