Metabolism Pt 2 (BMR, Metabolic Rate, Anaerobic pathways, interconnected pathways

Question 1

What is Metabolic Rate

Answer 1

• Is the amount of Energy consumed by an Organism
• The rate at which cellular respiration takes place
• When the job is done, but not at zero, at rest, still increases due to brain function, muscle contraction, regulating body temperature, breathing

Question 2

What is BMR

Answer 2

• Basal Metabolic Rate
• Amount of energy needed to keep an organism alive
• Measured in kJ per square meter per body surface put hour
• Increases from birth to the end of the first year, and then gradually decreases

Question 3

Why does BMR decrease

Answer 3

• We become more efficient in tasks and activity levels decrease. This causes loss in muscle tissue, which reduces energy requirements
• When activity levels decrease, there is more unused ATP. ATP allosterically inhibits different enzymes during cellular respiration. This causes the use of glucose to slow down. Which then the Acetly COA is used to make fat (lipogensis)I

Question 4

What do Vitamins & minerals do

Answer 4

• Act as a coenzyme and cofacter (needed for substrate to bind to an active site of an enzyme)

Question 5

Carbohydrates (how is food used during cellular respiration)

Answer 5

• Broken down by enzymes (amylase) into glucose
• Enter glycolysis

Question 6

Proteins (how is food used during cellular respiration)

Answer 6

• Proteases break’s down proteins into amino acids
• Amino acids are deaminated, which means an amino group is removed
• Depending on the amino acid, it can entre into glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, the kreb’’s cycle, because different amino acids have a different amount of carbon atoms

Question 7

Fats (how is food used during cellular respiration)

Answer 7

• Fats are broken down by lipase into glycerol and fatty acids
• Glycerol is converted into G3P and used in glycolysis
• Fatty acids entre the mitochondria and a carbon atoms are removed 2 at a time, making acetyl COA

Question 8

Explain and draw ethonal fermentation

Answer 8

• check notes if drawing correct
• Because of the lack of oxygen and ETC in bacteria, the NADH gives electrons to the acetaldehyde to keep glycolysis going with NAD+

Question 9

Explain and draw Lactate fermentation

Answer 9

-Check notes for drawing
- Because of lack of O2 and no ETC, NADH gives electrons back to the pyruvate, instead of the NADH Dehydrogenase
- Theres no pyruvate so krebs cycle, glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation does not occur.
- NAD+ goes goes back to the glycolysis to continue it