Biodiversity

Question 1

Taxonomy

Answer 1

Is the science of identifying and classifying all organisms,

Some ways to identify:

• Morpohology
• Behaviour
• Habitat

Question 2

Taxonomic levels

Answer 2

• Domail
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• order
• Family
• Genes
• Species

Question 3

Naming (genus and species)

Answer 3

Genus: Refers to a group of organisms that are closely related and have similar characteristics

Species: Refers to a group of organisms that look alike and that are so similar they can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Question 4

Biodiversity

Answer 4

The number and variety of species and ecosystems on earth

Question 5

Genetic diversity

Answer 5

Individuals of species that reproduce sexually and inherit unique combinations of traits from their parents

Question 6

Species diversity

Answer 6

Variety of species in an area and the total population of each of these species

Question 7

Structural diversity

Answer 7

Range of the physical structure of the habitat or ecosystem that the organisms are living in

Question 8

Phylogenetic tree

Answer 8

A diagram depicting the evolutionary relationships between different species or groups

Question 8

Phylogeny

Answer 8

The study of the evolutionary relatedness between species

Question 9

Evolution

Answer 9

The scientific theory that describes changes in species over time and their shared ancestry

Question 9

Prokaryotes

Answer 9

Single-celled organisms without a cell membrane-bound organelles

• Smaller than eukaryotes
• Free dna (not in a nucleus)
• Divide by fission (cloning)
• Single celled only

Examples: Bacteria, archea

Question 9

Clade

Answer 9

A taxonomic group that includes a single common ancestor and all its descendants

Question 9

Metabolism of bacteria

Answer 9

• Autotrophic
• Heterotrophic
• Obligate aerobes (must have oxygen to survive)
• Facultative aerobes (can use oxygen or live without it)
• Anaerobic (they dont need oxygen0

Question 10

Reproduction in Bacteria

Answer 10

Asexual reproduction: Binary Fission

• Chromosome duplicates and new cell wall forms creating 2 identical bacteria
• A very fast process, that takes about 20 mins to double the cell number

Sexual Reproduction: conjugation

• Occurs under poor conditions
• Bacteria joins together via the poli and one bacteria transfers genetic infromation to another bacteria, which then creates a geneticallt different strain

Question 10

Eukaryotes

Answer 10

any organism whose cells contain organelles

• Larger in size
• DNA is in nucleus
• Divide by mitosis
• Single or multicellular

Examples: animals, plants, protists, fungi

Question 10

Domain of life: Eubacteria, Archaea, Eukarya

Answer 10

• only contain the kingdom of Eubacteria
• Archaea only contains the kingdom of Archaea
• Eukarya contains Protista, animals, plants, and fungi kingdoms

Question 10

Why is bacteria important?

Answer 10

• Responsible for
  diseases
• Help make vitamins in our gut
  Can infect livestock and food sources
  Can be decomposers - help with the carbon cycle
• Photosynthetic

Question 10

Characteristics of bacteria

Answer 10

• Nucleoid, chromosomes in a single loop of DNA
• Ribosomes: used in protein and are scattered around the cytoplasm
• Flagella: movement
• Pili are responsible for sexual reproduction
• Plasmid: a circular piece of DNA

Cell walls: think, stong and rigid and theyre made of peptidoglycan

• The bacteria is surrounded by a sticky capsule to reduce water loss, resists high temps and keep antibodies and virus out.

Question 11

Spore formation of Bacteria

Answer 11

Endospores is a highly resistant structure that forms around the chromosome when a cell is under stress
- They tolerate extreme temperatures and are dormant until situations improve