Biodiversity pt 2

Question 1

Reproduction of Archaea and physical characteristics

Answer 1

• Archaea reproduce by binary fission and theyre prokaryotes
• Cell walls lack peptidoglycan and theyre a very resistant to damage; extreme conditions

Question 2

Types of archaea

Answer 2

Methanogens: Live in swamps, sewage, and digestive tracts. They convert chemical compounds in methane for energy

Thermophiles: Love the heat
- Live in hot springs, thermalvents in the ocean floor
- The thrive in temps from 70c to 85 c

Halophiles: Love salt
- Live in the dead sea
- Use the sun for energy

Psychrophiles: Love the cold
- Live in the cold in northern areas and cold ocean depths
- Thrive in temps from -10c to -20c

Question 3

Why do we care about viruses?

Answer 3

Human diseases caused by viruses such as Influenz
- HIV
- HPV
- Chicken pox
- the cold
COVID 19

Question 4

What are viruses

Answer 4

• Either have DNA or RNA, is protected by a protein coat called the capsid
• Viruses are not considered living because of the fact that they only live when they’re in other living cells.

Question 5

Different virus shapes

Answer 5

• Helical
• Complex
• Spherical
• Polyhedral

Question 6

How viruses are classified

Answer 6

• Morphology (shape)
• Nucleic acid type, either RNA or DNA
• Reproducing (lytic or lysogenic cycle)
• Host organisms
• The type of viruses they cause (influenza, HPV)

Question 7

What are viruses used for?

Answer 7

Scientists use viruses to transfer drugs and genes into targeted cells. The normal gene is implanted into an individual’s genome. The fixes the mutation that causes a genetic disorder.

Question 8

How do viruses spread

Answer 8

Insects: The organism that carries the virus is called a vector

Animal: Animals can infect other animals with some viruses in the host

Water virus - In the sewage treatments not everything is cleaned so some of the viruses still end up in lakes and rivers (polio)

Question 9

What is the difference between a pandemic and epidemic

Answer 9

Pandemic: there is a spread throughout the whole world

Epidemic: when there is a large outbreak in a specific geographical area.

Question 10

Why are fungi important

Answer 10

Decomposers on Earth, important part of our food web

• Symbiotic relationship with plants (mycorrhiza)
• Eat: blue cheese, mushrooms
• Drugs: piliceliliin
• Yeast: unicellular
• Athletes foot: cause diseases
• Fungi destroy our livestock
• Rot wood and damage buildings

Question 11

Characteristics of fungi

Answer 11

• Multicellular
• Stationary
• We can only see the fruit body of the fungi (reporductive part) because most of the fungi is below ground
• Heterotrophic, they basically go next or within a food source then they release enzymes that digest the food which then the fungi absorbs
• Cell walls are made of chitin

Question 12

Major parts of the fungi

Answer 12

Hyphae: microscopic thread that covers the body of the fungi

Mycelium: tangled mass of hyphae found in the soil or in organic matter

Fruiting body: a reproductive structure that arises from mycellium and produces spores for reproduction

Question 13

Hyphae

Answer 13

• Microscopic threads that make up the body of the fungi
• Structure is not like plants or animal cells
• The cell wall is made of chitin
• Cytoplasm is continuous from end to end

Question 14

Reproduction in fungi

Answer 14

• Asexually, which happens when the fungi is in good conditions (wet, food available) ex. Budding in yeast

Sexual reproduction: happens when the conditions of the fungi are bad (dry, no food available) ex. conjugation by bread mold.