Metabolism & Macromolecules Flashcards
catabolism
reaction that involves ‘breakdown’ of molecules
anabolism
reaction that involves ‘building’ of molecules
carbohydrates
- Contain 2+ hydroxyl groups
- Cell protection (cellulose)
- Energy
- Building block of nucleic acids (ribose & deoxyribose)
simple carbohydrates
monosaccharides & disaccharides
complex carbohydrates
- oligosaccharides & polysaccharides
example of oligosaccharides
- 2-10 monosaccharides
- sucrose = glucose + fructose
- lactose = galactose + fructose
example of polysaccharides
- 10+ monosaccharides
- cellulose
starch
- major form of carbohydrate
- found in seeds, cereal, nuts & legumes
- mixture of amylose & amylopectin
lipids
- exists as large tissue (adipose)
- fund in membranes, hormones & vitamins
- hydrophobic
2 types of fatty acids
triglycerides
glycerol + 3 fatty acids
B1 (Thiamine)
found in active sites of pyruvate dehydrogenase
B2 (Riboflavin)
precursor for coenzymes for redox reactions
B6
coenzymes for amintransferases & neurotransmitters
B12
enzyme in fatty acid processing
Vitamin A
contained within reinas of the eye
Vitamin D
calcium absoption (bone health)
Niacin
precursor of NAD & NADP
Folate
involved in synthesis of DNA
Pantothenate
contributes to coenzyme A
Sodium (Na+)
- main cation in extracellular fluids
- essential for electrical transmission
- maintains water content
Potassium (K+)
- interacts with Na+ to maintain fluid balance
- electrical impulses
Calcium (Ca2+)
- bones
- blood clotting
Magnesium (Mg2+)
cofactor for enzymes
Iron (Fe2+)
embedded proteins (oxygen & electron transport chain)
Copper (Cu+)
- cofactor for cytochrome c
- electron transport chain
Zinc (Zn2+)
- active sites in 200 enzymes
- help rid of CO2
Manganese
cofactor of many enzymes in metabolism
Chlorine (Cl-)
main anion in extracellular fluid (maintenance of fluid balance)
Phosphorus
covalently attached to nucleic acids, ATP etc…
