DNA & Proteins Flashcards
1
Q
order of protein synthesis
A
- DNA replication
- Transcription
- Translation
- Post-transcriptional modifications
2
Q
Amino acids
A
- joined covalently by peptide bonds
- proteins = polypeptide chains
3
Q
(layers) structure of proteins
A
primary, secondary, tertiary & quaternary
4
Q
Primary structure of proteins
A
sequence of a chain of amino acids
5
Q
Secondary structure of proteins
A
- H bonding of peptide backbone causes folding into repeating patterns
- beta pleated sheets or alpha helix
6
Q
Tertiary structure of proteins
A
- 3D folding
- due to interactions between the R groups of the amino acids that make up the protein (H bonding)
7
Q
Quaternary structure of proteins
A
- proteins consisting of more than 1 amino acid chain
- further H bonding
8
Q
electrostatic bonds
A
- bonds between positively & negatively charged groups
- stabilise tertiary structure of proteins
9
Q
Van Der Waals interaction
A
non-covalent attraction due to movement of ions in atomic/molecular orbitals
10
Q
denaturation
A
structural changes in proteins that result in loss of biological properties
11
Q
function of proteins in the body with examples
A
- Defensive (antibodies)
- Structural (keratin)
- Catalytic (enzymes)
- Transport (haemoglobin)
- Storage (ferritin)
- Messenger (hormones)
- Receptors (insulin receptor)
12
Q
cofactors
A
- nonprotein chemical entities
- help to catalyse reactions
- tend to be metal ions or organic compounds
13
Q
metalloenzymes
A
metal ions embedded in organic compounds
14
Q
factors affecting enzyme reactions
A
- substrate concentration
- enzyme concentration
- temperature
- pH
15
Q
structure of nucleotide
A
19
Q
unique base to RNA
A
Uracil (replaces Thymine)
20
Q
DNA
A
- double helix
- bi-polymers of nucleotides
- joined by phosphodiester bonds (3’ & 5’)
- slightly acidic
