Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes

Question 1

Kinetic energy

Answer 1

Energy of movement

Question 2

Potential energy

Answer 2

Stored energy

Question 3

Laws of thermodynamics

Answer 3

• Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be changed from one form to another.
• Energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable energy.

Question 4

Entropy

Answer 4

Relative amount of disorder or disorganization.

Question 5

Metabolism

Answer 5

All of the chemical reactions that occur in cells.

Question 6

Reactants

Answer 6

The substances that participate in chemical reactions.

Question 7

Products

Answer 7

Substances that are formed in a chemical reaction.

Question 8

Free energy

Answer 8

Amount of energy that is available to do work after a chemical reaction has occurred.

Question 9

Metabolic pathway

Answer 9

• Chain of chemical reactions linked to each other.
• Begin with a specific reactant and produce an end product
• More efficient means of capturing metabolic energy than releasing it all in one step
• Each step is catalyzed by a specific enzyme

Question 10

Exergonic reactions

Answer 10

Reactions in which energy is released.

Question 11

Endergonic reactions

Answer 11

Reactions in which energy is absorbed. Can only occur with an input of energy.

Question 12

ATP

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate- energy for cells. Generated from ADP+P. Modified nucleotide. Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphates.

Question 13

Functions of ATP

Answer 13

• Transport-supplies energy for active transport mechanisms
• Mechanical-supplies energy for muscle contraction, cilia movement, chromosome migration, etc.
• Chemical-supplies energy for synthesis of macromolecules

Question 14

Enzymes

Answer 14

Protein molecule which functions as a catalyst to speed up rate of chemical reaction

Question 15

Substrates

Answer 15

Reactants in an enzymatic reaction