Metabolism & Energy

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

All intracellular reactions taking place in the body

Question 2

What is the basal metabolic rate

Answer 2

amount of energy needed to keep the body alive in the rest state. It is the energy needed to keep the heart pumping, the brain working and the liver and kidneys functioning

BMR = 1kcal/kg body mass/hr (24kcal/kg/day), an adult requires approximately 0.8g/kg ideal body weight protein per day

Question 3

What are factors increasing BMR?

Answer 3

high BMI, hyperthyroidism, low ambient temperature, fever/infection, pregnancy (due to increase in weight and thyroid hormone) and exercise

Question 4

What are factors decreasing BMR?

Answer 4

age (as you get older, BMR decreases), gender (female have lower BMR since they have less metabolically active tissues), starvation and hypothyroidism (less thyroid hormone = lower BMR)

Question 5

What are the energy values for
Carbohydrates 
Protein
Alcohol
Lipid/fat

Answer 5

Carbohydrates (4kcal/g)
protein (4kcal/g)
alcohol (7kcal/g)
lipid (9kcal/g - gives the most energy per gram)

Question 6

What is 1 alcohol unit in g and mls?

Answer 6

8g and 10mls

Question 7

What is the absorptive state?

Answer 7

Body wants to store macromolecules for the post absorptive (fasting) state

Question 8

In the absorptive state, how is fat, carbohydrates and protein stored?

Answer 8

Fat- adipocytes, ITO cells (triglycerides)
Carb- liver and skeletal muscle (glycogen)
Protein- muscle (+liver)

Question 9

What happens to insult and glucagon levels in the absorptive and post absorptive state?

Answer 9

Increase insulin, decrease glucagon

Decrease insulin, increase glucagon

Question 10

What happens when your fasting?

Answer 10

Glycogenolysis- glucose reserves used for energy

When glucose is depleted, protein stores attacked, then fat stores