Metabolism and Energy Note & Enzyme Flashcards
Unit 2 Lesson 1-2
What is bond energy?
How much energy is needed to break a bond
High=strong
Low=weak
What is ADP?
Non energized form of ATP
What is Anabolism?
Building-up phase where smaller molecules combine to form larger, more complex molecules. It requires energy.
What is Catabolism?
Breaking-down phase where larger molecules are broken down into smaller ones, releasing energy in the process
What is Metabolism?
The combination of both Anabolism and Catabolism
What is the First Law of Thermodynamics?
The amount of energy in the universe is constant. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
What is Kinetic and Potential Energy?
Kinetic = The energy of motion
Potential = Stored energy/energy that is available but not yet released
How is Kinetic and potential energy interchangeable?
Kinetic and potential energy are interchangeable because energy can be converted from one form to another
What is Activation Energy?
The amount of energy needed to break the reactants in a chemical bond
What is the Transition State?
The temporary state where the bonds inside reactants are breaking & bonds between products are forming
What is an Endothermic Reaction?
When bonds in reactants are more stable then those in the products
What is an Exothermic Reaction?
Release of Energy
When bonds in products are more stable then those in reactants
What is the Second Law of Thermodynamics and How can we relate to it?
The 2nd Law is that the universe seems to lean towards disorder.
Things naturally fall apart or get messy over time unless energy is used to keep them in order
Connection between ATP, Thermodynamics and Metabolism
Breaking down molecules (catabolism) triggers reactions that can make ATP
What is Phosphorylation?
Process of adding a phosphate group to an ATP/ Organic Molecule
Explain connections Electrons and Reduction & Oxidation reactions?
Oxidation: Loss of electrons
Reduction: Gain of electrons
Both happen together bc when one loses electrons, another must gain them
The one that loses electrons (oxidized) gives them to the one that gains electrons (reduced)
What is the role of electron carriers during metabolic processes?
Transferring electrons during metabolic processes, like cellular respiration and photosynthesis. They help move energy from one molecule to another.
What is a Substrate?
The substance the enzymes acts/reacts on
What are enzymes and their function?
Enzymes are usually proteins
They act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions within living organisms without being consumed in the process
What is the connection between enzymes and substrates?
Each enzyme has a specific substrate that it acts on
How are enzymes named?
The suffix ends in “ase” and the prefix is related to the substrate
How do Enzymes speed up a chemical reaction?
It speeds it up by weakening bonds by lowering activation energy
What is an Induced Fit?
A slight shape change to an active site when a substrate binds to it.
(locks in place)
What is the connection between an active site and a substrate?
An active site is a specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds. Made for specific substrates.
