Intro to Biochem Flashcards
Unit 1 Lesson 1
What are the six elements that form the chemical foundation of life?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Phosphorus, and Sulfur.
What is an isotope?
Atoms with the same atomic number but different mass numbers due to varying numbers of neutrons.
What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonds?
Covalent bonds= sharing electrons.
Ionic bonds = the attraction between cations and anions. (non metal and metal)
What makes water a versatile solvent?
Water is polar, allowing it to dissolve other polar molecules and ionic compounds easily.
What are radioisotopes?
Isotopes that do radioactive decay
What are intramolecular forces
Forces that hold atoms together within a molecule (e.g., covalent bonds)
What are intermolecular forces?
Intermolecular forces occur between molecules (e.g., hydrogen bonds
What is electronegativity?
Atom’s ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond. Higher means a stronger pull on shared electrons.
The 3 intermolecular forces are?
London forces
Hydrogen Bonds
Dipole- Dipole
Which type of molecules don’t dissolve in water?
Non polar like fats & oils. Bc they have no charge, and so water is not very attracted to them.
Which is stronger Intramolecular or Intermolecular forces?
Intramolecular bc the actual electron sharing takes place in an intramolecular hydrogen bond
What are energy levels & orbitals
Energy Levels: the rings around the atom
Orbital: The volumes of space around the nucleus
A hydroxyl is made up of ?
An OH group
A Carboxyl is made up of ?
Carbon, OH group and a double bonded Oxygen
An Amino is made up of ?
Nitrogen bonded to Hydrogen
Carbonyl ( Organic)
- A Carbon and a double bonded oxygen
-Acid - Middle of chain
Carbonyl (Ketones)
- A carbon, hydrogen, double bonded oxygen
- Beginning or End of chain
Phosphate
Phosphate, 2 double bonds to oxygens
Methyl
Carbon, Hydrogen
Non polar , H-phobic
Only found branching off
What is a polar molecule?
Molecule has uneven distribution of electrical charge
Has a partial positive & partial negative end.
E-Negativity diff with the atoms
What is a non-polar molecule?
A molecule that has an even distribution of electrical charge
Electrons are shared equally
Symmetrical
