Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids Flashcards
Unit 1 Lesson 3
What is a Saturated Fat?
A fatty acid chain with the max amount of hydrogens
(found in animal cells ex. bacon)
Solid at room temp
What is an Unsaturated Fat?
A fatty acid chain with a double bonded carbon
(found in plants ex. olive oil)
has a bend at double bond
liquid at room temp
What is the function, example and general structure of a fat/ triglyceride?
Long term energy storing molecule, ex. butter & cheese. 3 fatty acid chains bonded to a glycerol
What is the function, example and general structure of a phospholipid?
Primary lipid component of cell membranes(bilayer)
Ex Cell membrane
made of a round hydrophilic head and 2 hydrophobic tails( 1 unsat , 1 sat fat)
What is a Cis fat?
a unsat fat where the hydrogen atoms r on the same side of the double bond
What is a trans fat?
a unsat fat where the hydrogen atoms r on opposite sides of a double bond.
has a slight bend on double bond
Called a a fake sat fat
How do proteins relate to amino acids?
Proteins r a type of amino acids
How many amino acids r there and why are 8 of then considered essential?
There are 20 diff amino acids due to diff types of r chain.
8 r essential bc our body can’t make them so we obtain them through our diet
How Are Amino Acids Related to Polypeptides
A long chain of amino acids that become a polypeptide through peptide bonds, which can fold into a functional protein.
What are peptide bonds?
The bond that hold amino acids together through dehydration reaction
What is the primary structure of proteins?
Sequence of amino acids
What is the secondary structure of proteins?
Interactions between amino acids and polypeptides ( inter bonding) - hydrogen bonding R group
What is the tertiary structure of proteins?
Interactions between amino acids and polypeptides ( inter bonding) - hydrogen bonding R group
What is the quaternary structure of proteins?
This isn’t something all proteins have
Intermolecular bonding between multiple polypeptide chains
What is the primary function nucleic acid?
It’s an info molecule
What is the structure of a nucleotide subunit?
Nitrogenous base , five carbon (pentose) and phosphate group
How are nucleotides related to DNA and RNA?
Both DNA and RNA strands are made up of nucleotides
What r nitrogenous bases and the complementary base pairing?
Nitrogenous bases are organic molecules that make up the genetic code in DNA and RNA
DNA: A+T & C-G
RNA: A+U & C-G
