Carbs Flashcards
Unit 1 Lesson 2
What is the 1:2:1 ratio for carbs?
1 Carbon, 2 Hydrogen, 1 Oxygen
What is a Monomer?
Single molecular unit that can form with others to form a larger molecule
Ex: Amino Acids
What is a polymer?
Macro molecule made up of many monomers
Ex: DNA, Proteins
What are Carbs used for ?
- Energy Source
-Building Materials
What is a Monosaccharide?
A simple sugar made of a single monomer made up of a carbon chain
What is the difference between the Monosaccharides: Aldehyde and Ketone ?
Ketone: Carbonyl without Hydrogen ( Middle)
Aldehyde: Carbonyl with Hydrogen ( Start & End)
What is an Isomer?
2 molecules with the same chemical formula but diff arrangement of atoms
What is a Disaccharide?
2 monomer sugars joining together
What is a Glycosidic linkage?
Covalent bond that connects 2 monosaccharides together
Ex of a Glycosidic linkage
Glucose + Fructose = Sucrose
What is a polysaccharide?
A complex carb ( 100-1000 monosaccharides)
Used for energy storage and structural support
Starch
A polysaccharide found in plants.
Used as a way to store energy
Eat starchy food like rice, corn, bodies breaks it down into glucose which is the body’s primary fuel source.
What is glycogen?
The stored form of glucose that’s made up of many connected glucose molecules.
Long tern energy storage of simple sugars
How do humans and animals use starch as energy?
The body digests starch by breaking it into glucose, which passes into the bloodstream and circulates the body.
What is chitin and cellulose?
Both are fibrous carbohydrates that act as structural components in living organisms
Chitin: in plant cell walls
Cellulose : main component of insect exoskeletons and fungal cell walls
How is a Glycosidic Linkage formed?
Through Condensation (dehydration reaction)
where water is removed to form a link
How do u break a Glycosidic Linkage?
Through a hydration reaction
(water is added back to break the bond )
