Metabolism Flashcards

Metabolism

1
Q

Kreb’s cycle

A

in notes

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2
Q

organism : streptococcus / lactobacillus

end product : ?

A

lactic acid: breaks enamel of teeth . in vaginal and oral flora

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3
Q

organism : saccharomyces.

end product :?

A

ethanol and co2

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4
Q

Organism: propionibacterium

end product :

A

propionic acid, acetic acid, CO2, H2

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5
Q

organism clostridium.

end product:

A

butyric acid, butanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, CO2

Butyric acid: burn victims

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6
Q

organism: escherichia, salmonella

end product :?

A

ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, co2, H2

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7
Q

organism : enterobactium

A

ethanol, lactic acid, formic acid`

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8
Q

explain the source of each ATP from cell respiration

A

Glycolysis:
2 ATP: glucose to pyruvate
6 ATP from 2 NADH.

Prep stage :
acetyl coa creates 2NADH so 6ATP.

Krebs
succinyl coa to succinic acid:2GTP
6NADH will make 18ATP
2FADH will make 4ATP.

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9
Q

explain catalase test

A
Hydrogen peroxide reduced to Oxygen
Left (+) 
	Staph species
Right (--)
	Streptococcus species
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10
Q

manitol agar test

A
Acid production 
(yellow)  (+)
 Pink  (--)
   Staph aureus (+)
   Staph epidermidis (-)
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11
Q

Coagulase Test

A
Coagulase Test  
  Staph aureus (+)
  Staph epidermidis (-)
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12
Q

what type of amino acids are made from each ?
PEP—
Pyruvate—
Oxaloacetate—

A

PEP—aromatic amino acids
Pyruvate—aliphatic amino acids
Oxaloacetate—aspartate amino acids

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13
Q

Biosynthesis In Fermentation

Krebs provides intermediates for?

A

amino acids & hemin synthesis

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14
Q

at what kcal in the etc can an ATP be generated

A

7

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15
Q

at what points are ATP generated in the ETC

A

After NADH2 when kcal id 12.8
after cytchrome b when kcal is 8.8
after cyt. a/a3: kcal 23.5

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16
Q

Name types of bacterial proteins (10)?

A
Permeases
Receptors
Proteoglygans
Bacteriocins
B-lactamases
Secretory IgA proteases
Hemolysins
Leucocidins
Metabolic enzymes
Molecular chaperons
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17
Q

B-lactamases

A

degrade anitbiotics

18
Q

secretory IgA protease

A

dimeric. on mucosa surface. prevent colonization of exogenous bacteria

19
Q

How is the reductive patheay possible in the biosynthesis of fermentation

A

Reductive is possible because NAD-linked succinate dehydrogenase is replaced by fumarate reductase

20
Q

what molecules are responsible for pyrimidine synthesis and what triphospates are produced ?

A

aspartic acid.
carbamyl phosphate .
orotic acid.

b, UTP, TTP AND CTP

21
Q

what components are responsible for purine synthesis and what triphospates are produced ?

A

Ribose-5-phosphate. Glycine. Serine. IMP
and
ATP, GTP

22
Q

nucleic acid inhib?

A

rifampin and quinolones

23
Q

rifampin

A

Rifampin
Inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Treats TB

24
Q

quinolones

A
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Inhibit gyrase or topoisomerases
Prevent DNA supercoiling
Treats various bacterial infections
	UTIs,Pneumonia
25
protein Synthesis inhib? 30s
30S: 30S Subunit 1. Aminoglycosides (gentamycin. streptomycin. tobramycin) 2. Tetracyclines 3. Docycycline
26
protein Synthesis inhib? 50s
``` 50S Subunit Chloramphenicol Lincosamides (Clindamycin) Macrolides (Erythromycin) Fusidic acid ```
27
Folic acid inhibitors ?
1. PABA is a precusor that is blocked by sulfanominde | 2. DHFR: (Methotextrate and trimethoprim). works to inhibit dihydrofolic acid from becoming tetrahydrofolic acid
28
Bacteria Lipids? 4
Phospholipids LPS (gram-negatives):Lipid-A (outer leaflet). Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PSE) in inner leaflet Lipoteichoic acid in gram positives Mycolic acids (mycobacteria)
29
Compare gram (pos and neg) in relation to Antibody and complement
negative :OM resistant to antibiotics, bile salts, but susceptible to antibody and complement positive: thick peptidoglycan of gram + is impermeable to antibody/complement
30
Polymyxin vs polyenes
Polymyxins Anti-bacterial; disrupts hydrophobic region of CM; possess multiple positive acid charges to bind phospholipid phosphates Polyenes Anti-fungal; react with steroids in CM to alter permeability
31
isomerase
racemase and mutase: rearrange groups in a molecule
32
hydrolase
hydrolyze a molecule by adding H2O
33
Ligase
join two molecules together using energy from ATP or other nucleoside triphosphates
34
transferase
transfers one part of a molecule to another methyltransferase: C1 group aminootransferrase : n containing groups
35
oxidase
carries out redox reactions . use O2 as electron acceptor
36
dehydrogenase
removes a pair of electrons and protons
37
lyase
removes groups from a molecule to form double bond r adds groups to double bonds
38
name organism associated with each oxygen utilization microaerophiles obligate anaerobes
microaerophiles -Campylobacter | obligate anaerobes - Clostridium
39
name organism associated with each oxygen utilization obligate aerobes - facultative anerobes - aerotolerant anaerobes -
obligate aerobes -Bacillus facultative anerobes –E.coli, Staph aerotolerant anaerobes -Lactobacillus
40
name stages of the bacterial growth curve
Lag phase– initial biochemical synthesis Exponential-multiplicative, uniform growth Stationary-nutrient depletion, pH changes Death-toxics, pH, nutrients