Metabolism Flashcards

Metabolism

1
Q

Kreb’s cycle

A

in notes

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2
Q

organism : streptococcus / lactobacillus

end product : ?

A

lactic acid: breaks enamel of teeth . in vaginal and oral flora

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3
Q

organism : saccharomyces.

end product :?

A

ethanol and co2

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4
Q

Organism: propionibacterium

end product :

A

propionic acid, acetic acid, CO2, H2

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5
Q

organism clostridium.

end product:

A

butyric acid, butanol, acetone, isopropyl alcohol, CO2

Butyric acid: burn victims

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6
Q

organism: escherichia, salmonella

end product :?

A

ethanol, lactic acid, acetic acid, co2, H2

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7
Q

organism : enterobactium

A

ethanol, lactic acid, formic acid`

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8
Q

explain the source of each ATP from cell respiration

A

Glycolysis:
2 ATP: glucose to pyruvate
6 ATP from 2 NADH.

Prep stage :
acetyl coa creates 2NADH so 6ATP.

Krebs
succinyl coa to succinic acid:2GTP
6NADH will make 18ATP
2FADH will make 4ATP.

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9
Q

explain catalase test

A
Hydrogen peroxide reduced to Oxygen
Left (+) 
	Staph species
Right (--)
	Streptococcus species
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10
Q

manitol agar test

A
Acid production 
(yellow)  (+)
 Pink  (--)
   Staph aureus (+)
   Staph epidermidis (-)
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11
Q

Coagulase Test

A
Coagulase Test  
  Staph aureus (+)
  Staph epidermidis (-)
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12
Q

what type of amino acids are made from each ?
PEP—
Pyruvate—
Oxaloacetate—

A

PEP—aromatic amino acids
Pyruvate—aliphatic amino acids
Oxaloacetate—aspartate amino acids

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13
Q

Biosynthesis In Fermentation

Krebs provides intermediates for?

A

amino acids & hemin synthesis

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14
Q

at what kcal in the etc can an ATP be generated

A

7

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15
Q

at what points are ATP generated in the ETC

A

After NADH2 when kcal id 12.8
after cytchrome b when kcal is 8.8
after cyt. a/a3: kcal 23.5

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16
Q

Name types of bacterial proteins (10)?

A
Permeases
Receptors
Proteoglygans
Bacteriocins
B-lactamases
Secretory IgA proteases
Hemolysins
Leucocidins
Metabolic enzymes
Molecular chaperons
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17
Q

B-lactamases

A

degrade anitbiotics

18
Q

secretory IgA protease

A

dimeric. on mucosa surface. prevent colonization of exogenous bacteria

19
Q

How is the reductive patheay possible in the biosynthesis of fermentation

A

Reductive is possible because NAD-linked succinate dehydrogenase is replaced by fumarate reductase

20
Q

what molecules are responsible for pyrimidine synthesis and what triphospates are produced ?

A

aspartic acid.
carbamyl phosphate .
orotic acid.

b, UTP, TTP AND CTP

21
Q

what components are responsible for purine synthesis and what triphospates are produced ?

A

Ribose-5-phosphate. Glycine. Serine. IMP
and
ATP, GTP

22
Q

nucleic acid inhib?

A

rifampin and quinolones

23
Q

rifampin

A

Rifampin
Inhibits RNA synthesis by binding to DNA-dependent RNA polymerase
Treats TB

24
Q

quinolones

A
Quinolones
Ciprofloxacin
Inhibit gyrase or topoisomerases
Prevent DNA supercoiling
Treats various bacterial infections
	UTIs,Pneumonia
25
Q

protein Synthesis inhib? 30s

A

30S: 30S Subunit

  1. Aminoglycosides (gentamycin. streptomycin. tobramycin)
  2. Tetracyclines
  3. Docycycline
26
Q

protein Synthesis inhib? 50s

A
50S  Subunit
Chloramphenicol
Lincosamides (Clindamycin)
Macrolides (Erythromycin)
Fusidic acid
27
Q

Folic acid inhibitors ?

A
  1. PABA is a precusor that is blocked by sulfanominde

2. DHFR: (Methotextrate and trimethoprim). works to inhibit dihydrofolic acid from becoming tetrahydrofolic acid

28
Q

Bacteria Lipids? 4

A

Phospholipids

LPS (gram-negatives):Lipid-A (outer leaflet). Phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PSE) in inner leaflet

Lipoteichoic acid in gram positives

Mycolic acids (mycobacteria)

29
Q

Compare gram (pos and neg) in relation to Antibody and complement

A

negative :OM resistant to antibiotics, bile salts, but
susceptible to antibody and complement

positive: thick peptidoglycan of gram + is impermeable to antibody/complement

30
Q

Polymyxin vs polyenes

A

Polymyxins
Anti-bacterial; disrupts hydrophobic region of CM; possess multiple positive acid charges to bind phospholipid phosphates

Polyenes
Anti-fungal; react with steroids in CM to alter permeability

31
Q

isomerase

A

racemase and mutase: rearrange groups in a molecule

32
Q

hydrolase

A

hydrolyze a molecule by adding H2O

33
Q

Ligase

A

join two molecules together using energy from ATP or other nucleoside triphosphates

34
Q

transferase

A

transfers one part of a molecule to another
methyltransferase: C1 group
aminootransferrase : n containing groups

35
Q

oxidase

A

carries out redox reactions . use O2 as electron acceptor

36
Q

dehydrogenase

A

removes a pair of electrons and protons

37
Q

lyase

A

removes groups from a molecule to form double bond r adds groups to double bonds

38
Q

name organism associated with each oxygen utilization

microaerophiles
obligate anaerobes

A

microaerophiles -Campylobacter

obligate anaerobes - Clostridium

39
Q

name organism associated with each oxygen utilization

obligate aerobes -
facultative anerobes -
aerotolerant anaerobes -

A

obligate aerobes -Bacillus
facultative anerobes –E.coli, Staph
aerotolerant anaerobes -Lactobacillus

40
Q

name stages of the bacterial growth curve

A

Lag phase– initial biochemical synthesis
Exponential-multiplicative, uniform growth
Stationary-nutrient depletion, pH changes
Death-toxics, pH, nutrients