bacterial structure

Question 1

bacteria can be classified by

Answer 1

morphology
cell arrangement 
staining prop
biochemical prop
nucleic acid analysis

Question 2

four items needed for gram staining

Answer 2

crystal violet
iodine
alcohol
safaran

Question 3

gram positive stain

Answer 3

blue/purple

Question 4

gram negative stain

Answer 4

red/pink

Question 5

biochemical classification

Answer 5

Cell Protein Profile

Cell Lipid Profile: Mycolic acid +/-

Enzymatic Properties: Catalase +/- , Oxidase +/-

Question 6

organisms of prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 6

p: bacteria
e: fungi, protozoa, animal, plants, algae

Question 7

size of prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 7

.5-4 microm.

>5 microm

Question 8

ribsomes of prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 8

pro: 70s (50s+30s)
euk: 80s (60s+40s)

Question 9

respiration/ energy production prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 9

cytoplasmic mem

e: mitochondria

Question 10

cell wall of prokaryote vs eukaryote

Answer 10

p: peptidoglycan
e: absent or made of chitin or cellulose

Question 11

gram pos/neg cell wall peptidoglycan function

Answer 11

support and structure made up of LGlcNAc-Mur-NAc with tetrapeptide bridge

gram neg is thinner

Question 12

periplasmic space function

Answer 12

transport and degradation

Question 13

outer mem function

Answer 13

permeability barrier with

phospholipids with F.A on inner leaflet and LPS on outer

Question 14

LPS

Answer 14

Lipopolysaccharide
toxic to host.
causes shock
contains lipid A , Core Antigen, and O Somatic Antigen

Question 15

5 Antibiotics that inhibit bacterial cell wall formation

Answer 15

Penicillin
Cephalosporin
vancomycin
bacitracin 
cycloserine

Question 16

penicillin

Answer 16

Binds to PBP, Inhibits transpeptidase activity

Question 17

cephalosporin

Answer 17

bind to PBP and inhibit transpeptidase activity

Question 18

vancomycin

Answer 18

Complexes with D-Ala-D-Ala, blocking transpeptidase action

Question 19

bacitracin

Answer 19

Inhibits the transfer of peptidoglycan subunits from bactoprenol to pre existing peptidoglycan cell wall

Question 20

cycloserine

Answer 20

Structural analog of D-Ala

Question 21

bacterial Spore formation is characteristic of two genera : __ and __

Answer 21

Spore formation is characteristic of two genera, e.g., Bacillus and Clostridium

Question 22

bacterial Sporulation occurs when

Answer 22

Sporulation occurs when the bacterium is under environmental stress, e.g., lack of nutrients or extreme temperature

Question 23

The structure of the spore allows it to

Answer 23

The structure of the spore allows it to resist detrimental physical and chemical conditions

Question 24

__ and __ of the spore coat contribute to its heat resistance

Answer 24

Ca+2 and dipicolonic acid

Question 25

Bacterial spores are destroyed via __

Answer 25

Bacterial spores are destroyed via autoclaving at 121C for 20 min.

Question 26

pilli (fibriae)

Answer 26

Pili (fibriae) facilitates the adhesion of bacterial cells to eukaryotic cells

Question 27

sex pili (F + pili)

Answer 27

bac conjugation. DNA Transfer. mating

Question 28

Flagellum -

Answer 28

Flagellum - utilized for chemotaxis (movement toward nutrients and away from toxic substances)

Question 29

Capsule

Answer 29

Capsule - polysaccharide or peptide polymer that facilitates the evasion of the immune system

Question 30

Biological activity of LPS is due to

Answer 30

Lipid A

Question 31

The variable O-antigen in LPS can be used to

Answer 31

The variable O-antigen ; the O antigen canbe used to immunologially identify bacteria

Question 32

peptidoglycan is composed of

Answer 32

composed of beta 1-4 linked N-amino sugars : N-acetyl glucosamine (NAG) and N-acetyl muramic acid (NAM)

Composed of L and D amino acids

Composed of cross linked amino acids

Question 33

Gram pos and neg petidoglycan cross linkage

Answer 33

pos: high degree
neg: incomplere