Metabolism

Question 1

what is assimilation?

Answer 1

the building up of new tissues from digested food materials

Question 2

what is external respiration?

Answer 2

exchange of O2 and CO2 between alveoli and blood

Question 3

what is internal respiration?

Answer 3

exchange of gas between blood and tissues

Question 4

C–H bond is rich in energy; CO2 contains little usable energy

Answer 4

ya

Question 5

what is dehydrogenation?

Answer 5

the removal of H from high E ‘cules

Question 6

where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 6

cytoplasm

Question 7

what is substrate level phosphorylation?

Answer 7

the creation of ATP through dephos. of a substrate

Question 8

net rxn for glycolysis

Answer 8

Glucose + 2ADP + 2 Pi + 2NAD –> 2pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2H + 2H20

Question 9

fermentation refers to both glycolysis and and the additional steps leading to ethanol or lactic acid

Answer 9

ya

Question 10

how many ATP does fermentation produce?

Answer 10

2 ATP

Question 11

alcohol fermentation

Answer 11

in yeast, can pyruvate can be converted to ethanol–> therefore, NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue

Question 12

lactic acid fermentation

Answer 12

occurs in certain fungi and bacteria and in human muscle cells damaged by strenuous activity; pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid, NAD+ is regenerated and glycolysis can continue

Question 13

how much ATP does cellular respiration produce?

Answer 13

36-38 ATP

Question 14

3 stages of cell respiration

Answer 14

pyruvate decarboxylation, CAC, and ETC

Question 15

pyruvate decarb

Answer 15

pyruvate moves into mito matrix, where it loses a CO2; the remaining acetyl group is transferred to CoA to create A-CoA; in the process, NAD is reduced to NADH

Question 16

CAC

Answer 16

2 A-Coa combine to form oxaloacetate–> forms citrate; two CO2 released and OAA regenerated;

Question 17

amount of NADH, FADH2, and GTP produced per glucose ‘cule

Answer 17

6 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 GTP

Question 18

next CAC rxn

Answer 18

2 A-CoA + 6 NAD +2 FAD + 2 GDP + 2 Pi + 4 H2O –> 4 CO2 + 6 NADH + 2 FADH2 + 2 GTP + 4 H +2CoA

Question 19

where is the ETC?

Answer 19

on the inner mito membrane

Question 20

most enzymes of the ETC are cytochromes–>resemble hemoglobin in the structure of their active site

Answer 20

ya