Metabolism Flashcards
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energy required to initiate of chemical reaction
activation energy
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a molecule that combines with inorganic phosphate to form ATP
adenosine diphosphate
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High energy phosphate compound
adenosine triphosphate
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in presence of oxygen
aerobic
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without oxygen
anaerobic
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enzyme capable of breaking down ATP to ADP
ATPase
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metabolic pathway involving muscle stores of ATP
ATP-PC system
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breakdown of free fatty acids to form acetyl-CoA
beta oxidation
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chemical processes involved wit the production of ATP
bioenergetics
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the lipid-bilayer envelope that encloses celss
cell membrane
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mechanism to explain the aerobic formation of ATP
chemiosmotic hypothesis
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linking of energy-liberating chemical reactions to “drive” energy requiring reactions
coupled reactions
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contents of the cell surroundig the nucleus
cytoplasm
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series of cytochromes in hte mitchondria that are responsible for oxidative phosphorylation
electron transport train
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energy-requiring reactions
endergonic reactions
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proteins that lower the energy of activation
enzymes
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chemical reactions that release energy
exergonic reactions
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electron carrier in bioenergetics
flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)
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simple sugar transported via the blood and metabolized t tissue
glucose
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glucose polymer synthesized in cells as a means of storing carbohydrate
glycogen
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breakdown of glycogen to glucose
glycogenolysis
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metabolic pathway in cell that producess pyruvate or lactate
glycolysis
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relating to substances that do not contain carbon
inorganinc
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stimulator of cellular metabolism
inorganic phosphate
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rate-limiting enzyme in the Krebs cycle that is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by ADP
isocitrate dehydrogenase
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metabolic pathway in mitochondria which ATP is made
Krebs cycle
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three carbon molecule that is a potential end-product of glucose metabolism
lactate
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Total of all cellular reactions that occur in a cell
metabolism
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sub cellular organelle responsible for the production of ATP
mitochondrion
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branch of bio-chemistry involved with the study of gene structure and function
molecular biology
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membrane- bound organelle containing most of a cells DNA
nucleus
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substances that contain carbon
organic
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mitochondrial process in which inorganic phosphate is coupled to ADP
oxidative phosphorlyation
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a compound found in skeletal muscle and used to re synthesize ATP from ADP
phosphocreatine (PC)
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rate limiting enzyme in glycolysis
phosphofructokinase (PFK)
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Commonly used term meant to describe the level of oxygen consumption
anaerobic threshhold
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cycle of lactate to glucose between the muscle and liver
Cori cycle
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Lag in oxygen at the begining of a workout
Oxygen Debt
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type of fat that combines with glycerol to for triglycerides
free fatty acids (FFA)
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synthesis of glucose from amino acids, lactate, glycerol
gluconeogenesis
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incremental exercise test
graded exercise test
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Point in test where blood lactate increases abruptly
lactate threshold
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enzyme responsible for the breakdown of triglycerides to FFA’s
lipase
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breakdown of triglycerides in adipose tissues into FFA’s
lipolysis
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greatest rate of oxygen uptake by the body during exercise
maximal oxygen intake
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the elevation of O2 consumption above resting levels after exercise
Excess Post Exercise Oxygen Consumption
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lag in oxygen uptake at the beginning of exercise
oxygen deficit
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ratio of CO2 production to O2 consumption
respiratory exchange ratio
Breakdown of fuel molecules to make energy
Catabolic Process
Putting molecules together to make bigger molecules
Anabolic Process
