METABOLISM

Question 1

What molecule is used to save energy in a biological useful form
Full name and abbreviation

Answer 1

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 2

First stage of metabolism of glucose
What happens in this stage
What product is form
Does this metabolic stage require energy

Answer 2

Glycolysis:

Breaks 6 C glucose molecules
Form 2 pyruvate acids (3-C)

and transfer H atoms to NAD

USES ENERGY

Question 3

What happens to the product pyruvate if oxygen is not available?
What organ is involved
How is it recycled and what is this process called?
What final product is formed by yeast under anaerobic condition ?

Answer 3

Then it will accept the h proton and turn into lactase which will go to the liver and then be formed into glycogen again.

Question 4

What happens to acetyl-co A if the body needs energy?
What molecule does it react with?
What cycle does it enter ? (3 names)

Answer 4

D

Question 5

What happens to acetyl - co A if the body does not need energy?

Answer 5

It will then connect to the oxaloacetate (4carbon)

To create more NADH

Question 6

2 chemical compound of fat?

What happens to each during metabolism

Answer 6

R

Question 7

What portion of triglycerides can be converted into glucose? Can glucose be made from fatty acids? Why or why not?

Answer 7

F

Question 8

When amino acid are broken down, what are the 2 primary possible products.

Answer 8

X

Question 9

Amino acids that can be converted into glucose are called?_______.

Ones that are not are called___________.

What are these second types of amino acids converted into?

Answer 9

Glucogenic

Ketogenic - acetyl coA

Question 10

What is the final step of glucose catabolism called? What gets synthesized in this step?

Answer 10

Electron Transport
Transfer H atoms from NADH to O2 to make H2O

Makes about 3 ATP.

Question 11

Of the three stages of metabolism which synthesized the most ATP?

Answer 11

The electron transport

Question 12

Compare the efficiency with which the body can store excess calories from dietary fat and dietary carbohydrate?

Answer 12

D

Question 13

Do fats or carbs gives off more energy? On chemical level explain why?

Answer 13

Fat would give off more fat because it contains more carbons for the Acetyl CoA to creat energy from

Question 14

Can excess protein be stored as protein? What happens to excess protein in the diet?

Answer 14

No.

Converted into pyruvic acid or acetyl coA
For energy or fat

Question 15

What happens to excess caloric carb initially?
Why is this limited?
Explain what happens to excess carbohydrate?

Answer 15

D

Question 16

What portion of the body require glucose

Answer 16

F

Question 17

What is the initial source of glucose during a fast? How long will that last?

Answer 17

B

Question 18

What alternative source of glucose are user as initial reserve are gone? Give the % glucose made from each of these alternative sources?

Answer 18

F

Question 19

What adverse effect can be caused by the alternative fuel for the brain? What effect does the it have on appetite?

Answer 19

H

Question 20

What alternative fuel can the brain use to replace glucose to some extent as a fast continues about how long must a fast last before this transition occurs?

Answer 20

S

Question 21

What happens to the rate of metabolism with extensive fasting?

Answer 21

X

Question 22

How can training reduce the tendency to go into anaerobic metabolism? What is the probable cause for the burn associated with anaerobic metabolism

Answer 22

D

Question 23

Reaction which build large molecules from small molecules are called?
Release or absorb energy

Reaction break down large molecule into small molecule are termed?
Release or absorb energy

Answer 23

Anabolism=requires energy

Catabolism= release energy