METABOLISM Flashcards
What molecule is used to save energy in a biological useful form
Full name and abbreviation
ATP
Adenosine triphosphate
First stage of metabolism of glucose
What happens in this stage
What product is form
Does this metabolic stage require energy
Glycolysis:
Breaks 6 C glucose molecules
Form 2 pyruvate acids (3-C)
and transfer H atoms to NAD
USES ENERGY
What happens to the product pyruvate if oxygen is not available?
What organ is involved
How is it recycled and what is this process called?
What final product is formed by yeast under anaerobic condition ?
Then it will accept the h proton and turn into lactase which will go to the liver and then be formed into glycogen again.
What happens to acetyl-co A if the body needs energy?
What molecule does it react with?
What cycle does it enter ? (3 names)
D
What happens to acetyl - co A if the body does not need energy?
It will then connect to the oxaloacetate (4carbon)
To create more NADH
2 chemical compound of fat?
What happens to each during metabolism
R
What portion of triglycerides can be converted into glucose? Can glucose be made from fatty acids? Why or why not?
F
When amino acid are broken down, what are the 2 primary possible products.
X
Amino acids that can be converted into glucose are called?_______.
Ones that are not are called___________.
What are these second types of amino acids converted into?
Glucogenic
Ketogenic - acetyl coA
What is the final step of glucose catabolism called? What gets synthesized in this step?
Electron Transport
Transfer H atoms from NADH to O2 to make H2O
Makes about 3 ATP.
Of the three stages of metabolism which synthesized the most ATP?
The electron transport
Compare the efficiency with which the body can store excess calories from dietary fat and dietary carbohydrate?
D
Do fats or carbs gives off more energy? On chemical level explain why?
Fat would give off more fat because it contains more carbons for the Acetyl CoA to creat energy from
Can excess protein be stored as protein? What happens to excess protein in the diet?
No.
Converted into pyruvic acid or acetyl coA
For energy or fat
What happens to excess caloric carb initially?
Why is this limited?
Explain what happens to excess carbohydrate?
D
What portion of the body require glucose
F
What is the initial source of glucose during a fast? How long will that last?
B
What alternative source of glucose are user as initial reserve are gone? Give the % glucose made from each of these alternative sources?
F
What adverse effect can be caused by the alternative fuel for the brain? What effect does the it have on appetite?
H
What alternative fuel can the brain use to replace glucose to some extent as a fast continues about how long must a fast last before this transition occurs?
S
What happens to the rate of metabolism with extensive fasting?
X
How can training reduce the tendency to go into anaerobic metabolism? What is the probable cause for the burn associated with anaerobic metabolism
D
Reaction which build large molecules from small molecules are called?
Release or absorb energy
Reaction break down large molecule into small molecule are termed?
Release or absorb energy
Anabolism=requires energy
Catabolism= release energy
